Assessment of the visual landscape quality is a core part of studies in landscape and urban projects. The landscape visual assessment has been carried out on the basis of two paradigms; objectivist and subjectivist paradigms. This research is a case of landscape evaluation based on the subjectivist or psychological paradigm. The purpose of the research is to understand the beholder's perception of the visual quality of landscape and to use it in the design of a war memorial garden. In this article, three main holistic concepts formed during the war (war between Iran and Iraq) are determined, and then seniors majoring landscape architecture were asked to define these concepts for each the landscape elements. Then three dominant views of the site were scored according to the students' perceptions and finally zoning of the site was proposed. This article emphasizes on the perception-based approaches in landscape studies and the opportunities that the current landscape of the site may have in order to imply the specific concepts. To design a symbolic or memorial place, the perceptions conveyed by the visual elements of the landscape have impressive role in making decision about the land uses and will lead to a more sustainable and dynamic memorial spaces.

The Persian garden, as a perfect structure, demonstrates a close relationship between cultural and natural back grounds. In the past, the Persian garden would help reveal latent potentiality of the environment and perceive its intricacies. The Persian garden, a demarcated and surrounded place with its own mysteries and enigmas, includes a natural background, a cultural background, and the capacity of the environment which encircles it; and far beyond a merely anatomical and objective nature, it is associated with a relationship with the cosmic order. This way, the garden, this domesticated nature, possesses aesthetic, exalted, and fruitful values. The art and tradition of constructing gardens in Iran has a long history and is one of the main gardening schools in the world. The creator of the garden would rely upon his own experimental knowledge to create a place, addition al aesthetic and fruitful values which brought about the survival and dynamism of the natural background. This paper tries to identify the primary pattern and the continuity of garden elements in Persian gardens review ing from the ancient through the contemporary period. Impact of culture and nature on permanence or alter ation of garden elements was investigated. The changes in Pahlavi era resulted in the transition of Persian garden to the urban parks which led to cultur al transformation in Persian gardening.

The formation of modifications or conception in the landscape could possibly, be a procedure relative to its natural and non-disturbance process; and it could be hastened by the occurrence of disturbance regimes. The objective of this research is to survey the changes in a landscape structure, over a period of 30 years, to attain information, as to the current conditions of land use, utilizing landscape metrics in the watershed area of the Latian Dam, so as to analyze the results and the voids present, towards obtaining a specified sustainable regional planning for the abovementioned watershed. Land use was identified and reviewed by means of four Landsat satellite images for 1987, 1998, 2007, and 2017; and in this watershed, it was classified into four classes, (a) build-up areas, (b) vegetated areas, (c) bare lands and (d) water bodies. Subsequently, by taking advantage of 7 metrics at the landscape level and 8 metrics at the class level, the landscape structure in this watershed was quantified by utilizing the Fragstats 4.2 Software. The survey results illustrated an increment in the number of patches (NP), decrementing the mean area of the patches (AREA-MN), and increasing the Interspersion & Juxtaposition Index (IJI) signifies amplified fragmentation at the landscape level in this watershed. Similarly, the NP has also incremented at the class level, and thus, the fragmentation of patches and fragmentation in the entire three classes of land use, namely, build-up areas, bare lands, and vegetated areas has occurred. The amount of patchiness for the build-up class, with due attention to the increment in the mean area of patches (AREA-MIN), which demonstrates the fact that, this class is inclined and has a tendency towards a coarse-grained structure and a metric decrement in the AREA-MIN in the vegetated areas, illustrates that this class is prone to the fine-grained structure.

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