Universitas Jember memiliki kontribusi yang cukup besar dalam mengupayakan pengentasan kemiskinan di Desa Pakis. Bekerjasama dengan Kementerian Sosial Republik Indonesia, Universitas Jember telah menetapkan Desa Pakis sebagai Desa binaan yang mendapatkan program Desa Sejahtera Mandiri (DSM). Salah satu upaya yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengentaskan kemiskinan dan menciptakan kemandirian desa adalah dengan mendirikan Kelompok Usaha Ekonomi Kreatif (Creativepreneur). Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah Melakukan pendampingan dan edukasi kepada mitra Kelompok Ekonmi Kreatif Desa Pakis mengenai (a) pemasaran produk dengan menerapkan Entrepreneural Marketing, (b) pengolahan produk berbasis potensi pertanian lokal dan pembuatan kerajinan tangan berbasis limbah produk, (c) strategi pengembangan bisnis dan analisis usaha, (d) manajemen organisasi usaha dan masyarakat. Kegiatan pengabdian PPK mulai dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober tahun 2018 sampai dengan awal Desember 2018. Metode pelaksanaan dilakukan melalui tahapan (1) identifikasi permasalahan mitra, (2) sosialisasi kegiatan, (3) edukasi  Entrepreneural Marketing, (4) pelatihan pembuatan kerajinan tangan, (5) pelatihan produk olahan berbasis potensi local, (6) edukasi analisis usaha, strategi pengembangan usaha serta manajemen organisasi dan masyarakat. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan pengabdian PPK memberikan dampak positif bagi mitra. Indikatornya terlihat pada adanya perubahan pemikiran dan sikap terkait dengan manajemen dan pengembangan usaha, antara lain Meningkatnya  pengetahuan dan ketrampilan untuk dapat lebih kreatif dalam memasarkan produk sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan mitra yang nantinya akan menjadi mitra yang mandiri, Meningkatnya pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang  Entrepreneural Marketing, Meningkatnya ketrampilan dan kreatifitas usaha dibidang kerajinan tangan dan pengolahan produk makanan berbasis potensi pertanian lokal, Meningkatnya kemampuan menyusun analisis usaha dan menetapkan strategi pengembangan usaha, dan Meningkatnya kesadaran pentingnya manajemen organisasi dan masyarakat. Kata Kunci: Entrepreneural Marketing, Creativepreneur, Desa Pakis, Desa Sejahtera Mandiri

Child marriage is one of the serious problems faced by Bondowoso Regency. As a district with the lowest economic level and high child marriage rates, the quality of life and generations in Bondowoso Regency are threatened and vulnerable because of socio-economic problems such as poverty and high divorce rates, health problems such as increased maternal and child mortality, increased stunting rates, and malnutrition. One of the villages in Bondowoso which has problems with child marriage is Mengen Village. To overcome these problems, the Department of Social Affairs of Bondowoso which focused on the empowerment of women and protection for children (P3AKB) launched the Women's School program to improve the quality of life or Sekolah Perempuan Peningkatan Kualitas Hidup (SEKOPER PKH) which aims to improve the quality of PKH (Program Keluarga Harapan, Government Incentive Program) beneficiaries. SEKOPER PKH has been up and running since 2018 and focuses on household financial management. The presence of a community development grant scheme by the Institute for Research and Community Service (LP2M) University of Jember can help solve the problem of child marriage in Bondowoso. The approach used to solve this is the grounded method with the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method to collect data and evidence as the basis for preparing textbooks and modules. After the module and reference book has been published, the team will conduct Training of Trainers (ToT) to improve the ability of teaching for voluntary teachers. When the voluntary teachers have the ability to teach and implement the teaching module properly, the module will be implemented to the PKH beneficiaries.

This article discusses the reasons why racial discrimination against African-Americans persists in the United States of America in this 21st century. This study applies an explanatory qualitative approach and a literature study data collection. By using the concept of the norm life cycle by Kathryn Sikkink and Martha Finnemore, this study argues that the internalization of anti-racial discrimination norms in the United States (U.S.), especially adopted from the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD), has not been fully completed. This research analyzes three aspects of norm internalization: actors, motives, and mechanisms. From those aspects, this study found that the actors’ efforts to internalize norms are hampered by the RUDs (Reservations, Understandings, Declarations) in the ratification of ICERD. The existence of white supremacy in the United States also disrupts the conformity (motive) needed for internalization. The last, in the aspect of mechanism, especially when it is viewed within the scope of the issuance of laws, there are certain legal decisions or policies which indirectly interfere with the implementation of the mechanism in the form of laws and regulations made by the United States before.