Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in the world after breast cancer and is the most common gynecological cancer in the developing countries. Pap Smear is a simple and cost effective screening tests for early diagnosis of premalignant and malignant cervical lesions. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the spectrum of cervical pap smear cytology in a tertiary hospital. The reporting of the pap smear was based on 2014 Bethesda system Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective two year study done in a tertiary Hospital in TSM Hospital from June 2016 to June 2018. All Pap smears received from women were included in our study. Total of 450 pap smears were stained by conventional papanicolaou technique and reported by Bethesda system 2014. Results: Out of 450 cases, 411 cases (91.3%) were reported as negative for intraepithelial lesion/malignancy, 31 cases (6.9%) were showing epithelial cell abnormality and 8 cases (1.7%) were unsatisfactory. In negative for intraepithelial lesion cases, 4 cases (0.9%) were atrophic smears, 357 cases (79.3%) were inflammatory and the remaining 50 cases (11.1%) were showing no other changes. In inflammatory cases 53 cases(11.7%)showed presence of microorganisms. 31 cases showing an intraepithelial lesion -15 cases(3.3%) were ASCUS, 3 cases (0.6%) were AGUS, 6 cases (1.2%) were LSIL, 4 cases(0.8%) of ASC-H ,2 cases(0.4%) were HSIL and one case(0.2%) of squamous cell carcinoma cervix. Conclusion: Premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix are common and can be diagnosed early by conventional PAP smears. Key message: Conventional pap smears are essential not only to diagnose premalignant lesions but also to identify the infectious etiologies and guide proper treatment.

INTRODUCTIONThe advances in the current medical science and technology have strived forward in increasing longevity of the population. Major economies in the worlddeveloping and developed alike are facing an ever increasing graying population with the inherent risk of morbidity and mortality. The combined endpoint of a mechanized and sedentary lifestyle added up with an increase in life span invites our acuity towards a fragile unbalanced segment of the society to whom we are obliged for what we are.Epilepsy is the third most common neurological disorder in old age after dementia and stroke. The elderly are now the group with the highest incidence of epilepsy in the general population. 1 Incidence rates of over 100 per 100000 for epilepsy in people over 60 years old have been reported in contemporary literature. 2The incidence of acute symptomatic or provoked seizures also rises significantly in older persons 3 and the prevalence of epilepsy increases with advancing age, although to a lesser degree.Different studies show considerable variability in the etiology and risk factors for epilepsy. [4][5][6] The most frequently reported risk factor is cerebrovascular disease. Tumors, metabolic and toxic causes and cerebral hypoxia secondary to the many causes of syncope in old age account for around 10% of all seizures. 5,7 Other causes of seizures include head injury, infection, subdural haematoma and neurodegenerative disorders. ABSTRACTBackground: Seizure disorder and epilepsy are one of the common presenting symptoms to an emergency department for geriatric population. Cerebrovascular accident, metabolic derangement, trauma, neurodegenerative diseases, tumor, infections and psychiatric illnesses add up to the frequent etiological spectrum of seizure in elderly. Objective of current study was to describe clinical and etiological spectrum of seizures in later life. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from medical records of 227 cases of elderly subjects presenting with seizure to emergency department, during a period of 3 years (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013). Results: Most common age group involved was 65-75 years. Mean age of subjects included in the study was 68.13 ± 23.38 years. The most common etiology was cerebrovascular disorders 132 (58.14%), followed by CNS tumor in 16 (07.04%), hypoglycemia in 14 (06.16%), infections 14 (06.16%), substance abuse 12 (05.28%) and trauma 10 (04.40%). The most common presentation was with focal seizures, with 119 (52.42%) subjects whereas 82 (36.12%) presented with generalized tonic clonic seizure, 20 (08.81%) with generalized tonic seizure and 05 (02.20%) with absence seizures. Conclusion: The present study aims at pointing out the different clinical features and etiologies of geriatric seizures, thereby lets the reader have a head start with the management of an elderly patient presenting with seizure.

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Introduction: Soft tissue tumors are tumors originating from non-epithelial tissues of the body and are seen in extra skeletal location. They do not include glia, reticulo-endothelial system and other supporting tissues of different parenchymal organs. Classification of soft tissue tumors has histogenetic basis, based on the adult tissue to which they bear a resemblance. Objective: To evaluate the histomorphological features of benign soft tissue tumors in the different age groups and gender as seen in a medical college of North India, giving clue about prevalence of disease morphology in particular region. Materials and Methods: This study was retrospective and was done in the department of Pathology, T. S. Misra Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. All biopsies diagnosed as benign soft tissue tumors in our Pathology department during study period of two years and eight months were reviewed retrospectively in the present study. Results and Conclusion:Benign soft tissue tumors in our region have the peak age of incidence in the fourth decade of life. They are slightly more common in males with male: female ratio of 1.6:1. Commonest benign soft tissue tumor is lipomatous tumor. Extremities are the commonest site of these soft tissue tumors.