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The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) on the regeneration of irradiated mandible submitted to distraction osteogenesis on adult rabbits. Methods: Ten adult rabbits were selected and the dorsal fat penicle was harvested culture of mesenchymal stem cells. The mandibles were irradiated on a dose of 20 Gy. After 30 days the animals underwent mandibular distraction osteogenesis. The animals were divided in two groups. On the control group (CG) saline solution was injected and on the study group (SG) ADSC ( 106) was injected. After the 4 weeks the mandibles were removed and evaluated by tomography and histomorphometric. The specimens were prepared with for histology evaluation. Histomorphometric were analysed on imageJ program and statistic analysis by Mann-Whitney test (P > 0.05). Findings:The tomography shows a significant improvement on Hounsfield scale for lateral fibrovascular zone (114.5 ± 9.7 CG to 148 ± 24; P = 0.0045 SG) and central fibrovascular zone (37 ± 13.4 CG to 96 ± 41.8 SG; P = 0.0045). The histomorphometric analysis demonstrated an increase in the mineralised bone. The area achieved was of 61.2 ± 9.9% in the SG and 31.3 ± 10.6% in the CG (P = 0.0045) for the central fibrovascular zone, 79.1 ± 9.1% in the SG and 39.1 ± 14.7 on CG of anterior fibrovascular zone (P = 0.0001) and 67.7 ± 12.9% in the SG and 38.4 ± 12.9% in CG in posterior fibrovascular zone. Conclusion:The injection of ADSC was able to improve bone regeneration distraction callus on irradiated mandible.