Background Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused an outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. The Objective of this study was to detect the EBV coinfection in COVID-19.Methods In this retrospective single-center study, we included 67 patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 9 to February 29, 2020. Patients were divided into EBV seropositive group and seronegative group according to the serological results of EBV, and the characteristics differences between the two groups were compared.Results 67 COVID-19 patients were included in our study. The median age was 37 years, with 35 (52.2%) females. Among these COVID-19 patients, 37 (55.2%) patients were seropositive for EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgM antibody. EBV seropositive COVID-19 patients had a 3.09-fold risk of having a fever symptom than EBV seronegative (95%CI, 1.11-8.56; P=0.03). C-reactive protein (CRP) (P=0.02) and the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P=0.04) in EBV seropositive COVID-19 patients were higher than that in EBV seronegative patients. EB seropositive patients had a higher portion of corticosteroid use than the EB seronegative patients (P=0.03).Conclusions EBV acute infection was found in COVID-19 patients. EBV seropositivity was associated with fever and increased inflammation. EBV reactivation may affected the treatment of COVID-19.

BackgroundArti cial intelligence is developing rapidly, bringing increasing numbers of intelligent products into daily life. However, it has little progress in dry eye, which is a common disease and associated with meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD). Non-invasive infrared meibography, known as an effective diagnostic tool of MGD, allows for objective observation of meibomian glands. Thus, we discuss a deep learning method to measure and assess meibomian glands of meibography. MethodsWe used Mask R-CNN deep learning(DL) framework. A total of 1878 meibography images were collected and manually annotated by two licensed eyelid specialists with two classes: conjunctiva and meibomian glands. The annotated pictures were used to establish a DL model. An independent test dataset contained 58 images was used to compare the accuracy and e ciency of the deep learning model with specialists. ResultsThe DL model calculated the ratio of meibomian gland loss with precise values by achieving high accuracy in the identi cation of conjunctiva (validation loss < 0.35, mAP > 0.976) and meibomian glands (validation loss < 1.0, mAP > 0.92). The comparison between specialists' annotation and the DL model evaluation showed that there is little difference between the gold standard and the model. Each image takes 480ms for the model to evaluate, almost 21 times faster than specialists. ConclusionsThe DL model can improve the accuracy of meibography image evaluation, help specialists to grade the meibomian glands and save their time to some extent.

Background Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited mitochondrial genetic disease, caused mainly by G11778A mutations. Analysis of retinal sublayer structure by spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT) is of great significance for elucidating the pathogenesis of LHON. Purpose To analyze the thicknesses of the outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), photoreceptor inner and outer segment (IS/OS), and macula thickness (MT) in symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers of G11778A mutants with LHON using SD-OCT. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 70 symptomatic carriers with the G11778A mutation were enrolled in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. Family members of symptomatic carriers were recruited as asymptomatic carriers for a final total of 36 participants. We also recruited 29 age- and sex-matched normal subjects. Results MT of symptomatic carriers was thinner than for asymptomatic carriers, while asymptomatic carriers were thinner than normal subjects. In carriers of the G11778A mutation, OPL thickness was increased, and ONL thickness was decreased compared to normal cases. Correlation analysis showed that MT was significantly correlated with peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and disease duration, while ONL thickness in parafoveal nasal areas thinned as the disease progressed. The three groups showed no significant differences in IS/OS thicknesses. Conclusions The thicknesses of OPL, ONL and MT differed between normal subjects and symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers of G11778A mutations with LHON. MT and ONL thinning, in addition to OPL thickening, were observed in symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers, a finding which should be further validated and explored in basic science research. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to determine the usefulness of these findings to the diagnosis and monitoring of LHON.

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Background: To quantify flow changes in choriocapillaris (CC) in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CCSC) in the treatment of half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) . Methods : A total of 28 affected eyes and 24 unaffected eyes of 26 CCSC patients receiving half-dose PDT, and 40 eyes of 20 healthy gender- and age-matched subjects were retrospectively enrolled. Proportion of total areas of flow signal voids ( FSV , %) in CC level of OCTA were mainly assessments in both eyes of the CCSC patients at baseline and repeated in multiple sections at 1-week, 1-month, 3-month and 6-month intervals after PDT. In addition , CC patterns in response to PDT at early stage and their subsequent morphologic changes were qualitatively documented using OCTA. Results: For affected eyes, significant decrease in FSV was found at 6-m follow-up than 1-m follow-up (p=0.036). Comparing to normal control eyes, FSV in affected eyes was significantly higher at 1-m, 3-m and 6-m follow-up (p<0.05 for all), while FSV in unaffected eyes was significantly higher at baseline, 1-w, 1-m and 3-m follow-up (p<0.05 for all). Three CC patterns of early response to PDT can be identified, including signs of recovery with more even flow signals, transient appearance of worsen ischemia and secondary neovascularization within CC level. Conclusion: Abnormal CC flow attenuation remained in completely resolved eyes of CCSC patients treated with half-dose PDT. Key Words: Chronic; Central Serous Chorioretinopathy; Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography; Photodynamic Therapy