Innovative enterprises from emerging markets, such as China, are a group of understudied enterprises, which could generate new and important views on internationalization. Some unique characteristics of Chinese innovative enterprises are creating new ideas that help to a better understanding of entry mode choice, market location choice, and entry speed in the paths of internationalization. Drawing on an unbalanced panel of Chinese innovative enterprises’ outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) event data, we analyzed the tendency of the paths of internationalization of Chinese innovative enterprises and the determining factors that influence the Chinese innovative enterprises’ choice in entry mode, market location, and entry speed. The results show that: (1) Chinese innovative enterprises are more likely to choose developing countries than developed countries. (2) When these firms conduct investment activities in developed countries, the probability rank (from high to low) of entry mode choice is acquisition, along with the wholly-owned subsidiary, exporting and joint venture. When these firms expand the business in developing countries, the entry mode of export is most likely to be chosen and the acquisition is least likely to be chosen. (3) This tendency and paths choice of internationalization in entry mode, market location and entry speed are influenced by the international experience, the multidimensional proximity, psychic distance, internationalization motivation, ownership structure, and innovation ability. Finally, we discuss these contributions and make some suggestions for future research.

Purpose Although the tasks of managing carbon peaks and achieving carbon neutrality in China are arduous, they are also of great significance, which highlights China’s determination and courage in dealing with climate change. The power industry is not only a major source of carbon emissions but also an important area for carbon emission reduction. Thus, against the backdrop of carbon neutrality, understanding the development status of China’s power industry guided by the carbon neutrality background is important because it largely determines the completeness of China’s carbon reduction promises to the world. This study aims to review China’s achievements in carbon reduction in the electric industry, its causes and future policy highlights. Design/methodology/approach The methods used in this study include descriptive analyses based on official statistics, government documents and reports. Findings The research results show that, after years of development, the power industry has achieved positive results in low-carbon provisions and in the electrification of consumption, and carbon emission intensity has continued to decline. Policy initiatives play a key role in this process, including, but not limited to, technology innovations, low-carbon power replacement and supported policies for low-carbon transformation toward low-carbon economies. Originality/value This study provides a full picture of China’s power industry against the backdrop of low-carbon development, which could be used as a benchmark for other countries engaging in the same processes. Moreover, a careful review of China’s development status may offer profound implications for policymaking both for China and for other governments across the globe.

By analyzing the dynamic path of internationalization, this study attempts to explain the entry mode choice, location choice, and speed of entry in the process of internationalization from the learning results obtained from previous international activities. Our research shows that the speed of the entry process depends on the type of experiential learning generated by the implicit decision-making in the process of Internationalization: the entry mode choice and the market location choice. We find that the experience accumulated in the host country has an inverted U-shaped effect on the speed of entry; while the experience accumulated of the entry mode has a U-shaped impact on the speed of entry. We perform an event history analyses(EHA) on 153 Chinese innovative firms with 905 OFDI observations during the period from 1991 to 2015, and analysis what and why is the paths of internationalization of Chinese firms. We find that Chinese innovative MNEs have more likelihood to choice the entry mode of acquisition and WOS than other entry modes in OFDI activity, and there is a higher probability that the Chinese innovative MNEs choice the market location of developed countries than developing countries in OFDI activity. Most importantly, we find that accumulated experience in host country has an inverted U-shaped impact on the speed of internationalization operation with acquisition mode and the speed of internationalization in developed countries; while accumulated experience in focal entry mode has an U-shaped impect on the speed of internationalization operation with branch or WOS mode and the speed of internationalization in developing countries. This claim is supported by both non-parametric and parametric tests in the EHA. Our research highlights the short-term and long-term consequences of different types of paths associated with the internationalization process.