A pH-responsive anionic surfactant wormlike micellar system induced by NaCl has been developed. In this work, the anionic surfactant, sodium oleate (NaOA) solutions, transforms from low-viscosity fluid into high-viscoelastic solution induced by NaCl of 200 mM to 350 mM concentration. According to the above, the solution reversibility has been studied via changing pH value of the solution. This pH-responsive solution can be promptly switched between gel-like solution and waterlike fluid in a narrow pH value range. Steady and dynamic rheological measurements are employed to characterize the pH-responsiveness at different pH. The transformation between wormlike micelle and spherical micelle in the various pH solutions is demonstrated by dynamic light scattering tests, cryo-TEM, and NMR measurements. The pH-responsive property of the system is attributed to the carboxylate ion contained by sodium oleate. With higher pH value, the ionized carboxylate combines with NaCl closely and thus forms wormlike micelles. On the contrary, sodium oleate converts to oleate acid when pH decreases. In this way, spherical micelles are transformed because of the weaker interaction between oleate aicd and NaCl.

In this work, a novel Pickering emulsion is stabilized by silica nanoparticles functioned with a redox and pH-responsive surfactant FA-DMDA-Ox that is prepared simply by direct neutralization of ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FA) and N,N-dimethyldodecylamine (DMDA) and exhibits redox and doubly pH-switchable behavior. Here, the Pickering emulsion can be stabilized easily by combining hydrophilic silica nanoparticles with less than 0.1 wt % FA-DMDA-Ox. After adding Na 2 SO 3 and H 2 O 2 alternately, the demulsification and emulsification of this Pickering emulsion are controlled reversibly. Moreover, the emulsion is switched "off" upon the addition of HCl and switched "on" upon the addition of NaOH and is also switched off upon the addition of NaOH and switched on upon the addition of HCl, which demonstrate the doubly pHswitchable behavior. Based on the analysis of ζ-potential, contact angle, and adsorbed amount of silica nanoparticles, the pH and redox-switchable mechanism of the Pickering emulsion are analyzed. Here, the redox-switchable behavior is induced by the reversible adsorption and desorption of FA-DMDA-Ox on the surface of silica nanoparticles. The pH-switchable behavior is driven by the controllable dispersion systems of silica nanoparticles and FA-DMDA-Ox because of the doubly pH switchability of FA-DMDA-Ox. More importantly, upon adding fresh oil after removing the original oil, the Pickering emulsion is recycled three times. Hence, the multiswitchable Pickering emulsion can be expected to be treated as a multifunctional material in practical applications, such as oil or wax removal in the petroleum industry.

Altered resting-state activity was observed across several neural networks in patients with recurrent MDD. Consistent with the emerging theory that altered DMN activity is a risk factor for depression relapses, the association between reduced fALFF in the right precuneus and number of depressive episodes supports the role of the DMN in the pathology of recurrent depression.