BackgroundRecent cross-sectional studies indicate that obesity is a risk factor for periodontal disease. Exercise training in high fat mice or rats can inhibit gingival inflammation effectively. The objective of this human intervention study was to investigate whether short-term weight control could affect periodontal indexes and serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarkers in young Koreans.MethodsForty-one obese volunteers (body mass index (BMI) > 25.0) and 12 normal weight subjects (18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 23.0) participated in a four-week weight control program to analyze the changes in anthropometric criteria, the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides in serum, gingival index, bleeding on probing, periodontal biomarkers in GCF, and dental plaque index at the first and the 27th days.ResultsThe means of obesity measures decreased significantly more in the obese group (BMI 2.53 ± 0.96, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) 4.88 ± 1.58 %, LDL 35.85 ± 21.74 mgdL−1) than in the normal weight group (BMI 0.78 ± 0.72, WHR 2.00 ± 0.95 %, LDL 15.58 ± 18.07 mgdL−1). While the obese group showed significant decreases in the biomarkers in GCF (IL-1β 58.38 ± 65.55 pgmL−1, MMP-8 4.19 ± 5.61 ngmL−1, MMP-9 3.36 ± 6.30 ngmL−1), the mean changes for the normal weight group (IL-1β 10.07 ± 21.08 pgmL−1, MMP-8 1.49 ± 4.61 ngmL−1, MMP-9 -1.52 ± 9.71 ngmL−1) were not statistically significant. Anthropometric measures and the amounts of GCF biomarkers had weak positive correlations (0.242 ≤ r ≤ 0.340), and LDL in serum correlated with MMP-8 (r = 0.332) and IL-1β (r = 0.342) in the obese group. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis in the obese group showed that the relationship between the amount of IL-1β in GCF and predictor variables including LDL and BMI was highly significant and accounted for 19.1 % of the variance in IL-1β in GCF.ConclusionsIn periodontally healthy subjects, weight control could reduce the amounts of MMP-8, MMP-9, and IL-1β in GCF of the obese subjects. Further studies with periodontally unhealthy and obese people are needed to identify the mechanism of decreases in inflammation biomarkers in GCF through weight control.Trial registrationISRCTN86753073 (2015.08.14)

Recent cross-sectional studies indicate that obesity is a risk factor for periodontal disease. This study was aimed to investigate whether the four-week weight control program including caloric restriction and exercise training could have an effect on periodontal health. Forty-one obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥25.0) and five overweight (23.0≤BMI＜25.0) students participated in the weight control program. Anthropometric data and oral examination data were collected at the baseline and at the 27th day. BMI, waist hip ratio (WHR), and percent of body fat (PBF) of the subjects decreased significantly, but gingival index, sites with bleeding on probing (BOP), and sites with shallow pocket depth didn't show the significant changes in paired t-test. There was no difference in the outcomes according to smoking, drinking alcohol, and sex. Nevertheless, PBF and sites with BOP (r=0.777) and WHR and sites with shallow pocket depth (r=0.444) showed positive correlations. PBF accounted for 58.9% of the variance in sites of BOP in regression analysis. We suggested that obesity might relate with periodontal health, although it was not clear whether weight control could influence on periodontal health directly. . 지방세포는 50개가 넘는 아디포 카인을 국소적 또는 전신적으로 분비하므로 면역기능에도 영향을 주는 것으로 생각된다 3) .비만은 치주조직의 면역기능에도 영향을 주는 인자로 제 안되고 있다. 비만과 치주질환의 관계는 Perlstein과 Bissada 4)