A green, direct and cost-effective fabrication method is proposed for Eco-environmentally silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through leaf extraction of Carya illinoinensis from Iran. Formation of Ag NPs was confirmed through different characterization techniques such as UV-Vis Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). UV-Visible spectrophotometer showed absorbance peak at 440 nm due to the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). Based on XRD results and SEM and TEM analysis, AgNPs were crystalline with face-centered cubic geometry and in different sizes ranged 12-30 nm. Furthermore, FTIR Spectroscopy was utilized to recognize the specific functional groups responsible for reducing ion silver to silver nanoparticles and the capping agents available in the leaf extract. In addition, the antibacterial effect of Eco-friendly synthesized nanoparticles and also leaf extract, were evaluated on four pathogens by implementing minimum inhibitory concentration test (MIC) and agar diffusion assay. The MIC results exhibits more inhibiting activity against gram-negative microorganisms (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) rather than gram-positive microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes). Compared to leaf extract, nanoparticles have better antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

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Addition of catechol to methyl propiolate or ethyl phenylpropiolate in the presence of Ph 3 P leads to methyl 2-(1,3-benzodioxol-2-yl)acetate or 3-(1-phenylmethylidene)-1,4-benzodioxin-2-one. 2-Aminophenols react with alkyl propiolates in the presence of Ph 3 P to produce a nearly 1:1 mixture of 3-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-one derivatives and methyl (E)-3-(2-aminophenoxy)-2-propenoates.

An effective route to novel coumarines and 4Hchromenes is described. This involves the reaction of tert-butyl isocyanide and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of 2hydroxybenzaldehydes.