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Background and purpose of the studyH. pylori infection is an important etiologic impetus usually leading to gastric disease and urease enzyme is the most crucial role is to protect the bacteria in the acidic environment of the stomach. Then urease inhibitors would increase sensitivity of the bacteria in acidic medium.Methods137 Iranian traditional medicinal plants were examined against Jack bean urease activity by Berthelot reaction. Each herb was extracted using 50% aqueous methanol. The more effective extracts were further tested and their IC50 values were determined.Results37 plants out of the 137 crude extracts revealed strong urease inhibitory activity (more than 70% inhibition against urease activity at 10 mg/ml concentration). Nine of the whole studied plants crude extracts were found as the most effective with IC50 values less than 500 μg/ml including; Rheum ribes, Sambucus ebulus, Pistachia lentiscus, Myrtus communis, Areca catechu, Citrus aurantifolia, Myristica fragrans, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Nicotiana tabacum.ConclusionsThe most potent urease inhibitory was observed for Sambucus ebulus and Rheum ribes extracts with IC50 values of 57 and 92 μg/ml, respectively.

Here, we report a structure-based virtual screening of the ZINC database (containing about five million compounds) by computational docking and the analysis of docking energy calculations followed by in vitro screening against H. pylori urease enzyme. One of the compounds selected showed urease inhibition in the low micromolar range. Barbituric acid and compounds 1a, 1d, 1e, 1f, 1g, 1h were found to be more potent urease inhibitors than the standard inhibitor hydroxyurea, yielding IC(50) values of 41.6, 83.3, 66.6, 50, 58.8, and 60 μM, respectively (IC(50) of hydroxyurea = 100 μM). 5-Benzylidene barbituric acid has enhanced biological activities compared to barbituric acid. Furthermore, the results indicated that among the substituted 5-benzylidene barbiturates, those with para substitution have higher urease inhibitor activities. This may be because the barbituric acid moiety is closer to the bimetallic nickel center in unsubstituted or para-substituted than in ortho- or meta-substituted analogs, so it has greater chelating ability.

A green, direct and cost-effective fabrication method is proposed for Eco-environmentally silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through leaf extraction of Carya illinoinensis from Iran. Formation of Ag NPs was confirmed through different characterization techniques such as UV-Vis Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). UV-Visible spectrophotometer showed absorbance peak at 440 nm due to the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). Based on XRD results and SEM and TEM analysis, AgNPs were crystalline with face-centered cubic geometry and in different sizes ranged 12-30 nm. Furthermore, FTIR Spectroscopy was utilized to recognize the specific functional groups responsible for reducing ion silver to silver nanoparticles and the capping agents available in the leaf extract. In addition, the antibacterial effect of Eco-friendly synthesized nanoparticles and also leaf extract, were evaluated on four pathogens by implementing minimum inhibitory concentration test (MIC) and agar diffusion assay. The MIC results exhibits more inhibiting activity against gram-negative microorganisms (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) rather than gram-positive microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes). Compared to leaf extract, nanoparticles have better antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Introduction: The Emblica officinalis (EO) fruit has traditionally been considered as a cardioactive medication and has demonstrated remarkable cardiovascular effects in the pharmacological literature. The present study systematically reviews EO’s potential for prevention and therapy of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Methods: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Proquest, Ebsco, Google, Google Scholar, Ovid, and Cochrane databases were searched from 1966 to 2017 for the English and non-English literature using the terms including the cognates of EO including amla, Emblic myrobalan, Emblica officinalis, Emblica pectinata , Indian gooseberry, and Phyllanthus emblica together with antioxidant, arrhythmia, cardioprotective, cardiotoxicity, heart disease, heart failure, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, myocardial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. The inclusion criteria were in vitro, animal, and clinical cardiovascular pharmacological studies conducted on EO and full-text accessibility. The exclusion criterion was studies in which a combination of EO and at least one other plant was investigated. The reference lists of the retrieved articles were also searched manually for additional eligible articles. The methodological quality of clinical trials was assessed by the Jadad scale, and animal studies were evaluated by the ARRIVE checklist. Results: Nineteen articles concerning the cardiovascular pharmacological effects of EO were included in this review. The plant has shown antiatherogenic, anticoagulant, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antiplatelet, and vasodilatory effects as well as lipid deposition inhibitory properties. Moreover, it prevents from doxorubicin and isoproterenol cardiotoxicity and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and improves vascular endothelial function in animal studies. Some high-quality clinical studies report the vasodilatory and myocardial antioxidant properties as well as anti-platelet aggregation effects of this plant. Conclusion: EO influences various cardiovascular risk-factors. However, there is not sufficient evidence to confirm the plant efficacy in preventing and treating CVD.