Una de las principales características de la lengua sáliba es su sistema de clases nominal que establece concordancia clasificatoria a lo largo de la oración. Esas clases nominales forman parte de la cosmovisión del pueblo sáliba que organiza el mundo que le rodea en dos grandes grupos: animados e inanimados. El sistema animado reúne características de género y número en tres categorías: masculino, femenino y plural o neutro. El sistema inanimado se divide en dos: singular y plural. El inanimado singular consta de veintidós clases nominales que se agrupan según su forma, función, estado o consistencia. El inanimado plural se subdivide en diez y ocho clases que son variables. Este sistema de clases parte del nombre y se ramifica en otras palabras que tiene la lengua para regir el morfema de clase que reciben.
Based on new first-hand fieldwork data and on prior descriptions of the language, this article proposes an in-depth analysis of inflectional verb classes in Sáliba, a Sáliban language spoken in Colombia and Venezuela. In particular, we evaluate the phonological motivation behind the two verb classes already proposed in the literature and further identify a third class that is characterized by the absence of subject marking morphology based on partial paradigms for 242 verb roots. This work not only advances the description of the Sáliba language but also the reconstruction of Proto-Sáliban. Additionally, this article contributes to the growing literature on inflectional classes and to our understanding of this phenomenon cross-linguistically.
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