Background: Tuberculosis is one of the oldest known diseases in humans, and early detection of tuberculosis is one of the main measures to decrease the spread of tuberculosis. In many parts of the world, including Iran, the diagnosis of tuberculosis is based on the detection of acid-fast bacillus in sputum smear microscopy and PCR. this study aimed to synthesize evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of sputum smear and PCR compared to sputum culture for the diagnosis of PT in Iranian patients. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted based on PRISMA guideline for systematic review and meta-analysis. Eligible studies were cross-sectional original diagnostic studies published in English and Persian in Iran which examined the sensitivity or specificity(study outcome) of sputum smear microscopy or PCR( as the test) relative to sputum culture (as the gold standard/comparator) among Iranian patients suspected of having tuberculosis( study population). Studies whose data were not complete or extractable were excluded. Results: A total of 3518 subjects were evaluated from 15 eligible studies. The pooled sensitivity of sputum smear and PCR was 75.12 (95% CI: 66.68-83.56) and 88.02 (95% CI: 82.87-93.27), respectively. The specificity for sputum smear and PCR was 93.94 (95% CI: 91.26-96.63) and 91.82 (95% CI: 87.29-96.35) respectively. The sensitivity of both sputum smears was higher in studies published after 2010, and had higher quality. The specificity of sputum smear was a bit lower in studies published after2010 but higher in studies with higher quality. The specificity of PCR was higher in studies published after 2010 but higher in studies with higher quality. Conclusion: The increased sensitivity of sputum smear and PCR during recent years suggests the improvement of preparation and laboratory methods in recent years. However, the imperfect sensitivity of these tests highlights the need for a more accurate diagnostic method for the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in Iran.

Introduction : In pandemic of infectious diseases, antibody evaluation and its effective factors are vital to control public health and eradicate the disease. Evaluation of susceptibility to viral infections among people with different blood groups is considered as an epidemiological indicator. This study aimed to evaluate the level of IgG antibodies for COVID-19 patients in ABO blood groups and Rh. Material and Methods This study was performed on 237 recovered corona-inflicted patients. None of these patients had been vaccinated. The level of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody titer was measured. Also, association between IgG antibody titer with RH and blood group types was examined. Results This study showed a significant correlation between IgG levels of individuals with their age. Also, IgG antibody titer was higher in men than women. In addition, patients with an age range of 20 to 60 years compared to individuals under 20 years and over 60 years had higher IgG. There was no significant relationship between blood groups and Rh with the amount of IgG antibody titers. Conclusions Our finding give us a valuable insight into the importance of considering SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody titer as an outstanding marker of COVID-19. Although no significant relationship was found between blood type and RH with the IgG antibody titer level of COVID-19 patients. To understand the prevalence of the disease in the community and its epidemiological control, IgG antibody titer test is recommended to determine the serological level of the community.