Background: Cadmium is one of the heaviest metals in the natural environment that can increase DNA damage in liver cells, nevertheless, it has been reported that physical activity and nutrition can improve the damage of DNA in liver cells. Objectives: The aim of the present research was to review the effect of interval training and selenium on cyclin-D and caspase-3 gene expression in liver tissue of cadmium-exposed rats. Methods: In the present experimental research, 30 rats were divided to six groups of (1) control, (2) sham, (3) cadmium, (4) selenium consumption with cadmium, (5) interval training with cadmium consumption, and (6) interval training with selenium and cadmium consumption. For eight weeks, groups three to six received 2 mg/kg of cadmium per day; groups four and six consumed 0.23 mg/kg of selenium per day and groups five and six performed three sessions of selected interval training per week. Results: Cadmium consumption significantly increased cyclin-D and caspase-3 (P = 0.001); selenium consumption and interval training had a significant effect on decreasing caspase-3 and cyclin-D levels (P = 0.001); concurrent interval training with selenium consumption had interactive effects on the increase of cyclin-D (P = 0.001). However, there was no interactive effect on the reduction of caspase-3 (P = 0.75). Conclusions: It seems that interval training with selenium consumption has interactive effects on hepatocyte apoptotic factors in rats exposed to cadmium.

Background: Cadmium has negative effects on various tissues of the body while selenium has antioxidant activities. Moreover, the benefits of exercise training for apoptotic factors including caspase-3 and cytochrome c, as well as cyclin D, have been regarded. Objectives: Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the anti-apoptotic effects of continuous training and selenium consumption on the liver tissue of cadmium-exposed rats. Methods: In this study, 25 rats were selected and randomly divided into five groups of five rats including: (1) control, (2) selenium consumption, (3) continuous training, (4) continuous training with selenium consumption, and (5) sham. For eight weeks, groups 1 to 4 received peritoneal cadmium (2 mg/kg) daily; groups 2 and 4 received peritoneal selenium (0.23 mg/kg) daily; and groups 3 and 4 performed continuous training three sessions per week. Caspase-3, cytochrome c, and cyclin D were measured at the protein level. Results: Cadmium consumption significantly increased the protein levels of caspase-3 and cytochrome c and decreased cyclin D in rats (P = 0.001). Selenium consumption and continuous training significantly decreased the protein levels of caspase-3 and cytochrome c and increased cyclin D in rats exposed to cadmium (P = 0.001). Continuous training along with selenium consumption had interactive effects on increasing the protein levels of cyclin D in rats exposed to cadmium (P = 0.02). Conclusions: It appears that continuous training and selenium consumption have interactive anti-apoptotic effects in the liver tissue of cadmium-exposed rats.