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INTRODUCTION:Each mother has the legal right to decide about her delivery, but this decision should be made based on scientific knowledge. Instructions during pregnancy help to choose the proper type of delivery. This study conducted aimed to compare two instructional methods of role playing and lecture on primigravida decision about type of delivery.SUBJECTS AND METHODS:In this single-blind clinical trial 67 primigravida, 34–36 week were selected using multi-stage sampling and assigned into two groups randomly. Decision-making (before, 2-week after, and at admission in maternity department) was tested by a questionnaire. In role-playing group, advantages and disadvantages of two type delivery were presented by role-playing in 90-min by three scenarios. In lecture group, it was also presented in a 90-min lecture. Data were analyzed by mean difference test, Fisher test, independent and paired t-test.RESULTS:Two groups showed a significant difference in terms of decision at admission to maternity department (P = 0.000). 75% of lecture group and 100% of role-playing group selected normal delivery. Postintervention knowledge score in lecture group was 18 ± 5.3 and in role-playing group 17.1 ± 4.0. Percent of change in knowledge scores in two groups was significant (P = 0.001). Participants’ attitude, before and after the intervention, in both groups was significant (P < 0.05). Mean difference of pre- and post-test in relation to two groups’ knowledge and attitude scores was not significant (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION:In this research, lecture was more effective in raising knowledge level, and role playing was more effective in raising decision to vaginal delivery and reducing elective caesarean section. It is therefore suggested to use both teaching methods altogether for pregnant women to decrease the rate of unnecessary cesarean.

The aim of this study understands teacher perceptions of the localization of curriculum of primary school. on the social Study Lessons. The methodological approach of this study is to investigate phenomenology as a qualitative method. The potential contributors were the native teachers of the Kalat city (Laeenno) in the 1397 which 19 participant were selected..  Data were collected using face-to-face interviews and were analyzed by Glaserian seven phases. Reliability was achieved through three criteria: being acceptable, being trustful and verifiability. The findings show that the current performance of students end up in lack of incentive, leaving school, shallow learning, the inefficiency of current performance of teachers,  interruptions in communication, One-way interaction, and the challenges of localization is denial of the cultural diversity of politicians, non-native content (centralized knowledge), Lack of in-service courses, the time challenge, recruiting non-native teachers, the lack of comprehensive studies of sub-cultivated areas, immigration, executive challenge, School space and lack of a template from native syllables, and the consequences of localization for teachers is contentment of teaching, Creating and improving communication and promoting native culture, and the consequences of localizing for students is: protecting from native culture, Creating a motivation to learn and absorb and stay in the classroom and school. Finally, teachers' strategies about localization of Klein’s nine elements in the curriculum of social studies were identified.

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