The study of successive searching, or users' searches in digital environments over time related to the same or evolving information problem, is developing as an area of research. A growing body of studies is beginning to investigate and characterize aspects of the successive searching process. This research draws together areas of information retrieval (IR) research and information-seeking research toward a focus on IR within the context of human information behaviour. Previous studies show that end-users of IR systems and the World Wide Web conduct a series of related or successive searches over time or request successive searches from search intermediaries. This paper provides results from a study that expands our understanding of successive searches conducted for information seekers by intermediaries. The study explored aspects of successive Dialog searches conducted by intermediaries for information seekers. Forty-seven intermediaries conducted as many online searches as requested by their information seekers who were working on a particular information problem. Findings show that information seekers requested a mean of two searches from intermediaries with a range of one to six searches. Successive searches were generally requested by information seekers to extend or expand, or refine the results of previous searches. Most successive searches involved some change in search terms and databases from the previous search. Interestingly, precision did not necessarily increase over successive searches and the percentage of partially relevant items decreased significantly after three searches. The findings have implications for interactive IR models, the design of IR systems and the practice of searching. 50 1 2

Information visualization is a rapidly evolving field of study involving many disciplines, such as computer science, cognitive psychology, and of course information science. Historically, its research has synthesized, traversed, and recombined innovations from traditionally compartmentalized research areas. This panel will focus on future directions and historical trends of information visualization.Information visualization combines traditional academic disciplines and commercial applications that exist outside of academe (such as video games). It attempts to create new paradigms for information or data visualization with the goal of improved understanding. Using such examples as large visually-oriented information systems and new mental models of visually organizing information, this panel will explore the future of information visualization.Information visualization techniques, combined with back-end databases, will expand the boundaries of human intelligence by coupling human creativity with computer power.Panelists will explore where we have been, what we have learned, and where we could go, providing specific examples with the aim of initiating a dialogue with the audience. (Corinne Jorgensen and Peter Jorgensen) This presentation will revisit the largely ignored concept of providing a non-text tool to facilitate the indexing of images. We suggest that rather than assigning keyword descriptors to images, indexers could assign archetype images chosen from a hierarchical display of icons. This approach could increase inter-indexer consistency and make the training of indexers easier. It could be extended to facilitate accurate indexing by image producers regardless of their language. We will present examples of projects using this approach and explore its application in several specific domains. An Exploration of Visual Indexing: Problems and Prospects Envisioning Visualization (Diane Neal)The speaker will provide an unconventional overview of the past, present, and future of information visualization as a discipline and as a form of communication. She will demonstrate infrequently visited visualization paradigms, models, and prototypes in order to explicate the vast array of existing applications and theories, and to invigorate the audience to explore applications and theories yet to be developed. (Brian O'Connor and Howard Griesdorf) We might speak of the snapshot and its use as naive production of illocutionary events, though not implying by the term naive any particular lack of sophistication. Hey, Look at This! lllocutionary Discourse and SnapshotsSit on a tour bus for almost any site or set of sites and watch the picture making activities of the folks on the bus. Then, skip ahead to the time, some weeks later, when the pictures are being shown around to friends -whether as prints or as files attached to e-mails. You have likely experienced several times the pattern of general 2004

The study of successive searching, or user's pattern of search sessions in digital environments over time related to the same or evolving information problem, is developing as a new line of investigation. A growing body of studies is beginning to investigate and characterize the successive searching process. This area of research draws together information retrieval (IR) research. . .