Objective: The aim was to describe the clinicopathological presentation of prostate cancer and the treatment modality in patients seen in Uro-oncology department of National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital (NICRH), Bangladesh. Methods: Data were collected prospectively from all patients with diagnosed prostate cancer and managed in Uro-oncology department of NICRH from January 2016 to December 2017. Patient’s age, clinical presentation, prostate specific antigen(PSA) level, mode of diagnosis, Gleason sum score, stage of the disease at presentation and modality of treatment were recorded and analyzed. Results: There were 407 cases of histologically proven prostate cancer. Mean patient age was 69 years. About 87% presented as diagnosed prostate cancer. Twenty one(5%) patient presented with features of metastasis with unknown primary , we confirmed after prostate biopsy. About 77% of patients had a serum PSA above 20 ng/ml. Gleason sum score was 8 or more in 46% of patients. Metastases were found at the time of presentation in 85% of patients. Ten (2.5%) patients underwent radical radiotherapy, while two patients had radical prostatectomy. Most (68%) of the 347 patients who required androgen deprivation therapy had surgical orchiectomy. Conclusion: Bangladesh appear to be having a low incidence of prostate cancer, but a larger proportion of advanced and high grade cancers in comparison to the UK and USA. Although genetic differences may exist, a dietary or an environmental factor is more likely to be the cause for these changes. The protective effect of this factor appears to wane as South Asians emigrate and live in UK and USA. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 21, No. 2, July 2018 p 56-61

More than 90% of malignant renal tumors encountered in children are Nephroblastoma. Renal Cell Carcinoma is extremely rare in children but in children older than 5 years with renal masses it is very important to suspect diagnosis. We present a 6 years old child primarily presented with abdominal mass and haematuria. The mass was described by ultrasonography & computer tomography as Wilms’ Tumour which is commonest before 5 years of age with peak age of presentation is 3 years of life. Surgery is the best treatment and prognosis is favorable when tumour is localized and completely eradicated. In our case no adjuvant therapy was given nephrectomy Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 20, No. 2, July 2017 p.102-104

Not Available Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 20, No. 2, July 2017 p.105-108

Introduction: Radical Cystectomy (RC) is an effective surgical procedure for muscle invasive bladder cancer ( MIBC). 5 years disease free survival after RCs are PT2 - 81%, PT3a – 68%, PT3b – 47%, PT4a – 44% respectively, Stein et al, 2001[1]. In this study early surgical & oncological outcome have been assessed. Patients & methods: A total of 24(N) patients underwent radical cystectomy with urinary diversion between December 2013 to June 2016. Age ranges from 41-69 years. Indications were T2HG for twenty cases and T1HG for four cases. Among the T1 tumours, one had early recurrence, one had numerous tumours and two had multiple tumours with concomitant CIS. Urinary diversion methods were: Orthotopic Ileal neobladder-1, Ileal conduit-20, Cuteneous Ureterostomy -3 (2 due to unhealthy mesentry with gut, 1 single kidney with poor general condition), For uretero-Ileal anaestomosis we used Bricker method in all cases. Result: Mean OR time was 3:45 hours, blood loss average 350 ml, hospital stay after operation 9 days, enlarged pelvic lymph nodes were found in two cases. In follow up we found,stomal stenosis of cutaneous ureterostomy in 1 out of 3 cases, Ileal conduit prolapse with para-stomal hernia in 1 out of 20 cases, stenosis at uretero-Ileal anastomosis in 1 pt. .Distant recurrence occurred in two cases, one in Lt. Supraclavicular LN and another in sacrum near SI joint. No local recurrence was found in any case. Conclusion: Our experience on RC and all the three types of UD are safe and effective for patient and encouraging for us. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 21, No. 2, July 2018 p.62-65

Objective: This study was undertaken to find out the roles of dietary factors and physical activities in the formation of renal stones in our socio-demographic conditions. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 70 patients from October 2011 to November 2012 in the department of SSMCMH and a few other private hospitals in Dhaka city. The study included all patients of either gender and all ages attending our out-patient department who were diagnosed to have renal stones. The dietary habits of the patients were explored by face to face interview using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The physical activities were evaluated by structured questionnaire, and the metabolic work-ups were done by urinalysis and blood analysis. The results were reviewed and analyzed with the help of SPSS 17. Result: Out of 70 patients about one-third were female (31.4%) and two-third were male (68.6%). Most of the study people belonged to age group 40-50 years. Mean was 43.7 years with standard deviation of 10.28 years. One-fifth of the respondents did minimal activities (0-5 hrs/day), One –third moderate activities (5-10 hrs/day) and about half severe activities (10-15hrs/day). One-fifth did not take any table salt but about one-fourth indulged much (>half tsf/day) and more than half took excessive (> 1tsf/day) salt. About 57.1% stone patients of the present study habitually have taken excessive salt, 24.3% patients took much salt and 18.6% used no added table salt. About one-third (37.71%) of the patients took calcium, one-fourth (25.71%) vitamin-D, one-fifth ascorbic acid and the rest had no supplementations. The patients having supplementations found to have more urinary levels of the corresponding supplements. More ingestion of green leafy vegetables and fruits and juices are associated with increased level of urinary oxalate. 24-hrs urinary oxalate level found to be associated with increased occurrence of renal stones. Most of the patients (64.3%) ingested habitually inadequate amount of fluid. Conclusion: The study showed some important observational facts in regard to the respondent’s diet and physical activities. The dietary and lifestyle modifications can reduce urinary stone disease. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 18, No. 1, Jan 2015 p.23-27