RDAVR facilitates reduced aortic cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times compared with standard AVR, particularly in patients undergoing concomitant procedures, allowing the use of larger prostheses and resulting in lower transvalvular gradients and higher indexed effective orifice area compared with standard AVR. Therefore, RDAVR may help to overcome patient-prosthesis mismatch in some patients.
RD-AVR is a safe and simple procedure resulting in favourable short aortic cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times and considerable low gradients in postoperative echocardiography. PPM following isolated RD-AVR remains in the range of standard aortic valve replacement. However, patients undergoing concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting, particularly of the circumflex artery, face a 3-fold increased risk for PPM implantation enhanced if right branch bundle block is present. Follow-up examination is necessary to determine whether these patients remain pacer dependent during long-term follow-up.
Purpose The recommended treatment for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) currently is surgery in stage I disease. We wondered about stage II SCLC and present a meta-analysis on mean-survival of patients that underwent surgery for stage I and II compared to controls. Methods A systematic literature search was performed on December 01st 2021 in Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library. We considered studies published on the effect of surgery in SCLC since 2004 and assessed them using ROBINS-I. We preformed I2-tests, Q-statistics, DerSimonian-Laird tests and Egger-regression. The meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA. Results Out of 6826 records, seven studies with a total of 11,241 patients (‘surgery group’: 3911 patients; ‘non-surgery group’: 7330; treatment period: 1984–2015) were included. Heterogeneity between the studies was revealed in absence of any publication bias. Patient characteristics did not differ between the groups (p-value > 0.05). The mean-survival in an analysis of patients in stage I was 36.7 ± 10.8 months for the ‘surgery group’ and 20.3 ± 5.7 months for the ‘non-surgery group’ (p-value = 0.0084). A combined analysis of patients in stage I and II revealed a mean-survival of 32.0 ± 16.7 months for the ‘surgery group’ and 19.1 ± 6.1 months for the ‘non-surgery group’ (p-value = 0.0391). In a separate analysis of stage II, we were able to demonstrate a significant survival benefit after surgery (21.4 ± 3.6 versus 16.2 ± 3.9 months; p-value = 0.0493). Conclusion Our meta-analysis shows a significant survival benefit after surgery not only in the recommended stage I but also in stage II SCLC. Our data suggests that both stages should be considered for surgery of early SCLC.
ZusammenfassungDer Stellenwert der Thymektomie in der Therapie der thymomfreien Myasthenia gravis blieb bis vor einiger Zeit umstritten. Die relativ geringe Inzidenz und Prävalenz der Erkrankung, die uneinheitliche Dokumentation in den verschiedenen Studien sowie die notwendige Langzeitbeobachtung zur Erfassung therapeutischer Effekte erschwerten das Generieren valider Daten. Die Veröffentlichung des MGTX-Trials 2016 im New England Journal of Medicine lieferte die ersten randomisiert-kontrollierten Daten, nach denen Patienten mit Acetylcholin-Rezeptor-Antikörper-positiver generalisierter Myasthenia gravis im Alter von 18 bis 65 Jahren von der chirurgischen Resektion des Thymus über eine mediane Sternotomie profitieren. Trotz fehlender Validierung des Vorteils der Thymektomie über minimal-invasive Techniken durch randomisiert-kontrollierte Studien scheinen diese das Outcome bestimmter Patientengruppen in ähnlicher Form positiv zu beeinflussen. So haben videoassistiert-thorakoskopische, roboterassistierte, subxiphoidale und transzervikale Zugangswege nicht nur ästhetische Vorteile, sondern zeigen in der Beeinflussung des Krankheitsverlaufs der Myasthenia gravis keine relevante Unterlegenheit gegenüber der medianen Sternotomie. Doch nicht nur der Nutzen und das ästhetische Ergebnis differieren, sondern auch die Erfolgsaussichten im Hinblick auf die Remission sind bei den Unterformen der Myasthenia gravis unterschiedlich. Die heterogene Gruppe der Myasthenien unterscheidet sich bezüglich des Auftretens von Autoantikörpern, der betroffenen Körperregionen und des Alters der Patienten bei Erstdiagnose. Schließlich ist die Thymektomie eine wirksame kausale Therapie der Myasthenia gravis.
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