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Coffee is a popular beverage all over the world, but spent coffee grounds (SCGs) constituting almost 75% of original beans are usually considered waste and disposed off. e present study analyzed the functionalities of SCG with a view of its reuse in the cosmetic industry. e SCG extraction was carried out by the hydrothermal method. e resultant extracts were tested for its antioxidant capacity, tyrosinase inhibition, and moisturizing ability. LC-MS/MS results showed two major components in SCG extracts, namely, trigonelline and caffeine. Also, the SCG contained total flavonoid contents of 29 ± 4.5 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g SCG and total phenolic contents of 9.44 ± 0.90 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g SCG. Regarding functionality analysis, SCG extracts exhibited reduction capacity of 8.18 ± 0.39 mg vitamin C equivalent (VCE)/g SCG, DPPH free-radical scavenging activity (IC 50 ) of 3.11 mg SCG/mL, ABTS free-radical scavenging activity (IC 50 ) of 13.61 mg SCG/mL, and tyrosinase inhibition capacity (IC 50 ) of 2.23 mg SCG/mL. Moreover, the volatilization rate of the extract solution (37 mg SCG/mL) reduced by 15.9%. ese results demonstrate the utility of recycling of SCG and illustrate its potential application in the development of skin care products.

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BACKGROUND Tumescent local anesthesia is widely used in dermatologic surgery. Minimizing pain associated with injections is crucial to successful surgical procedures. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the pain associated with warm and room temperatures in neutralized or nonneutralized tumescent anesthetic solutions injection. METHODS Thirty‐six patients with axilla osmidrosis who underwent local anesthesia for surgery were randomly assigned to three groups. Group A received warm neutral (40°C) and room‐temperature neutral (22°C) tumescent injections to each axillary region. Group B received warm neutral (pH 7.35) and warm nonneutral (pH 4.78) tumescent injections on each side of axilla. Group C received warm nonneutral and room‐temperature nonneutral tumescent injections on each side of axilla. Pain associated with infiltration of anesthesia was rated on a visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS A statistically significant decrease (p < .001) in pain sensation was reported on the warm, neutral injection side (mean rating, 32.7 mm) compared with the room‐temperature, neutral injection side (mean rating, 53.3 mm). Patient‐reported pain intensity was significantly lower on the side that received warm, neutral tumescent anesthesia (mean rating, 26.8 mm) than on the side receiving warm, nonneutral tumescent anesthesia (mean rating, 44.9 mm; p < .001). The difference in VAS scores between warm neutral (mean rating, 23.9 mm) and room‐temperature nonneutral (mean rating, 61.2 mm) was statistically significant (p < .001). CONCLUSION The warm, neutral tumescent anesthetic preparation effectively suppressed patient pain during dermatologic surgical procedures.

This report presents the first and youngest case of umbilical CCA in the English literature. This case supports the inflammatory dermatosic nature of CCA.