The development of nanomedicines that combine photothermal therapy (PTT) with photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered promising for cancer treatment, but still faces the challenge of enhancing tumoricidal efficiency. Fortunately, apart from the well‐acknowledged effect on direct tumor cell‐killing, nitric oxide (NO) is also considered to be effective for the enhancement of both PTT and PDT. However, both the low loading efficiency of NO precursor and the short half‐life time and diffusion distance of NO hamper the synergistic therapeutic efficacy of NO. Taking the aforementioned factors into account, a mitochondria‐targeted nitric oxide nanogenerator, EArgFe@Ce6, is constructed to achieve high loading of the NO donor l‐Arginine (l‐Arg) for synergistic photodynamic/gas/photothermal therapy upon single 660 nm light irradiation. The coordination of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and ferric ions (Fe3+) provides EArgFe@Ce6 supreme photothermal capability to perform low‐temperature PTT (mPTT). EGCG endows EArgFe@Ce6 with mitochondria‐targeting capability and meanwhile favors hypoxia alleviation for enhanced PDT. The PDT‐produced massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) further catalyzes l‐Arg to generate a considerable amount of NO to perform gas therapy and sensitize both mPTT and PDT. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that the synergistic photodynamic/gas/photothermal therapy triggered by single 660 nm light irradiation is highly effective for tumor treatments.

To overcome the limitations of doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy, nanomedicines that integrate additional photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) strategies are highlighted as promising alternatives for the treatment of malignant tumors. However, time-consuming preparation processes, biosafety concerns, and the bottlenecks of individual therapeutic modalities often limit the practical applications of this strategy. To address these issues, this work designs an oxygen economizer that additionally serves as a Fenton reaction amplifier through the simple assembly of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), pluronic F-127 (PF127), iron (III) ions, and doxorubicin (DOX) for the enhancement of synergistic PTT/CDT/chemotherapy. The resulting nanoformulation, EFPD, can target mitochondria and inhibit cell respiration to reduce O 2 consumption, thus boosting DOX-mediated H 2 O 2 generation for enhanced CDT and simultaneously improving hypoxia-limited DOX chemotherapy efficacy. Moreover, the coordination between EGCG and Fe 3+ provides EFPD with excellent photothermal conversion efficiencies (𝜼 = 34.7%) for PTT and photothermal-accelerated drug release. Experimental results indicate that EFPD-mediated synergistic enhancement of PTT/CDT/chemotherapy can achieve excellent therapeutic outcomes, including enhanced ablation of solid tumors, reduced metastasis and cardiotoxicity, and extended life spans.