Carbon dioxide emissions are a major cause of global climate change. The public is aware that the world must rapidly reduce its windows to avoid the worst effects of climate change. But how this responsibility is distributed between regions, countries, and individuals has become a recurring element of debate in international debates. This study aimed to compare the different impacts of exporting and importing CO2 emissions in 29 selected countries with the Belt and Road Initiative from 2008 to 2019. We will also look at the impact of innovations on CO2 emissions. Regular testing is done using cross-sectional data, panel data, and integrated testing. Sector results show that exports and imports have a negative effect on CO2 emissions.. EKC is useful in these countries. In addition, population size and energy e ciency increase CO2 emissions. Modern technologies reduce CO2 emissions by increasing energy e ciency. It is important to promote environmental sustainability and the development of professional enterprises in certain countries.progress on the changing relationship between economic growth and the environment is explained by applying the theory of endogenous growth, which states that the economy evolves as waste sources evolve or are replaced by more e cient and eco-friendly resources.Resource restructuring will support economic growth and development while maintaining low pollution levels. That is why the link between innovation and CO2 is so important. Development and renewable energy will help reduce CO2 and general pollution. Salman, Long et al.(2019) argue that technology is a more important means of transforming the usage of fossil fuels and the economy. (Khattak, Ahmad et al. 2022) investigates the impact of innovation on carbon emission in G-7 countries, while Toebelmann and Wendler (2020) conduct their study using data from EU-27 countries. Bilal, Li et al. (2022) examine the relationship between technological innovation, globalization, and CO2 emissions in a panel of One Belt One Road (OBOR) countries by controlling the important role of information and communication technology (ICT) on economic growth. And there is a lot of research on CO2 emissions in OBOR countries in general, but little research speci cally on middle-income countries in OBOR and the impact of trade and innovation on CO2 emissions in these countries, and therefore, the study aims to investigate the role trade plays in carbon emission in middle-income countries participating in the "one belt, one road" project, as well as the impact of innovation on carbon emission in these countries. Literature Review Impact of innovation on Carbon EmissionRepresentatives of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries are responsible for the world's largest CO2 emissions. Following the discussions, the OECD representatives decided to promote and support investments in innovations and technologies in the public and private sectors to reduce CO2 emissions. Ganda (2019) conducts a Generalized Method of Moments (GMM)...

Carbon dioxide emissions are a major cause of global climate change. The public is aware that the world must rapidly reduce its windows to avoid the worst effects of climate change. But how this responsibility is distributed between regions, countries, and individuals has become a recurring element of debate in international debates. This study aimed to compare the different impacts of exporting and importing CO2 emissions in 29 selected countries with the Belt and Road Initiative from 2008 to 2019. We will also look at the impact of innovations on CO2 emissions. Regular testing is done using cross-sectional data, panel data, and integrated testing. Sector results show that exports and imports have a negative effect on CO2 emissions.. EKC is useful in these countries. In addition, population size and energy efficiency increase CO2 emissions. Modern technologies reduce CO2 emissions by increasing energy efficiency. It is important to promote environmental sustainability and the development of professional enterprises in certain countries.

Industrial relocation is conducive to spatial production specialization in the age of information network and economic globalization. Although it will affect the regional industrial competitiveness and employment levels in the short term, in the long run it is conducive to the sustainable development of regional manufacturing clusters. Based on the location model of the micro-enterprise perspective, the paper concluded that: Cournot competition will cause spatial agglomeration, while Bertrand competition leads to industrial relocation. At the present stage, the development mode of manufacturing clusters in Zhejiang is close to Bertrand competition. To achieve the restructuring and upgrading of manufacturing clusters, it is necessary to implement desiring policies to promote the competitiveness of enterprises out of the Bertrand competition, and to increase R&D inputs to enhance the degree of product differentiation. Finally, the paper did an empirical study with an example of Taizhou sewing equipment manufacturing cluster.

No abstract

The manufacturing industry is an important pillar of the national economy. It is of vital importance to develop statistical modellings in order to quantify the relationship between potential internal drivers and the trend of output values in the manufacturing industry. However, only a few statistical modellings have been established to investigate such associations. This study developed the correlation coefficient model and generalized linear model (GLM) to measure the single and interactive effects of the internal drivers on the changes of the output values. For the GLM, different predictive variables were developed to fit into the dataset, and the performance of the models were compared using fitness parameters. Furthermore, an industry survey dataset for 1,180 manufacturing enterprises in 2020 was used to validate the models. The use of the GLM combining land area, number of employees, scientific research input, and labor productivity may have a great potential to bolster capacity in monitoring and predicting the trend of output values in the manufacture industry.