This article describes a conceptual model of kechnology absorption and adaptation leading to a cozintly's export-based conipetitiveness i n high-technology products, and the results of the mwiel's application to empirical data on 29 countries. The model is one output of a rec(?nily-completed, jive-year investigation of indicators of hightechnology development. The model's sezren conceptual variables were operationalized by combining statistical data with expert-derived measures to produce composite indicators. The seven indicators includt? four "leading" or infact indicators that are expected to be predictive of a nation's competitiveness ,in hzgh-techndogy products i n approximately 15years, and three output indicators of current ~ompetit~iz~eness: world market share, national emphasis on high technology b~oducts f o r export, and recent rate of change i n world market share. Extensive asse.wmmt of the validity and reliability of the indicators leads to the conclusion that the mode!! is a useful tool ,for both policy and research.

Key indicatorsSingle-crystal X-ray study T = 293 K Mean '(C±C) = 0.005 A Ê Disorder in main residue R factor = 0.047 wR factor = 0.124 Data-to-parameter ratio = 15.9For details of how these key indicators were automatically derived from the article, see

Cross-impact can provide an orderly method of structuring thinking and data on how various trends and events relating to a project or program may interact with one another. This briefly outlines the method and some limitations.

The human health risk (HHR) assessment to dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) exposure has become an important part of groundwater environment management. Usually, DNAPL transport models are applied to simulate the concentration distribution of contaminant for HHR assessment. The present paper studied the influences of model uncertainties on the HHR assessment, and the metric of Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) was used to quantify HHR. The impacts of permeability's heterogeneity and the structure of DNAPL transport model (e.g., the constitutive model) on HHR assessment were evaluated based on a synthetical DNAPL transport model. The results demonstrate that, compared with the low heterogeneity, the high heterogeneity leads to lower average ILCR value at the control planes near the source zone, and higher average ILCR value at the control planes far away from the source zone. In addition, the HHR assessments would be inconsistent for the two constitutive models, i.e., Stone-Parker (S-P) and Corey-van Genuchten (C-v) models. Compared with the HHR assessment depending on C-v model, the mean of ILCR's probability distribution produced by S-P model is larger at the control planes near the source zone, and smaller at the control planes far away from the source zone. Moreover, based on a sandbox experiment, the impact of parameter uncertainty of DNAPL transport model on HHR assessment was evaluated by Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation. The results show that it is infeasible and risky to assess HHR by the specific parameters of contaminant transport model and ignoring parameter uncertainty. The HHR assessment by incorporating Bayesian uncertainty analysis could provide more flexible information. In addition, the sparse grid (SG) surrogate is an effective way to reduce computation burden caused by the larger number of model executions in the MCMC based HHR assessment.

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