A method employing high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) has been developed to evaluate the quality of Saposhnikoviae Radix (SR) comprehensively through fingerprint analysis and multi-ingredient determination. In the fingerprint analysis, 12 out of 15 common peaks were identified with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS/MS) and related references. To discriminate the 15 batches of samples collected from different origins, similarity analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed. Meanwhile, the simultaneous quantification of four chromones was achieved by firstly applying a method of using a single standard to determine multiple components (SSDMC) with conversion factor. The method has the advantage of feasibility, economy and simplicity compared with traditional external standard method (ESM). The method possessed desirable linearity (R 2 ≥ 0.9997), precision (RSD <4.0%), accuracy (97.4 -106.6%) and robustness. This study indicated that the method of fingerprint analysis integrated with multi-ingredient determination using the HPLC technique was reliable for the overall quality evaluation of SR.

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As one of the large ecological infrastructures, urban water system connectivity project is an important part of urban ecosystem construction. It has a variety of effects, such as conserving biodiversity, enriching urban landscape and increasing land value. It is helpful for the scienti c planning and construction of the project to systematically evaluate the effects. However, due to the complex and various effects of urban water system connectivity project, there is no complete effect system and quantitative method. In this paper, the composition and mechanism of positive and negative effects of ecological economics of urban water system connectivity project were deeply analyzed to improve the composition system of eco-economic effects. At the same time, the emergy theory was used to put forward the quanti cation method of ecoeconomic effect system. Taking the urban water system connectivity project in Xuchang as an example, it's ecological, social and economic effects were evaluated. The result showed that the average eco-economic effect of the project is 57.8 million dollars/year. Economic effect and ecological effect are signi cant, accounting for 88.83% and 9.77% of total effect, respectively. The former is mainly due to land value increment, and the latter is principally owing to biodiversity conservation. It showed that the water system connectivity project in Xuchang can promote the economic development of the surrounding areas and create a good ecological environment, which will bring huge eco-economic effect to the region.

No abstract

As one of the large ecological infrastructures, urban water system connectivity project is an important part of urban ecosystem construction. It has a variety of effects, such as conserving biodiversity, enriching urban landscape and increasing land value. It is helpful for the scientific planning and construction of the project to systematically evaluate the effects. However, due to the complex and various effects of urban water system connectivity project, there is no complete effect system and quantitative method. In this paper, the composition and mechanism of positive and negative effects of ecological economics of urban water system connectivity project were deeply analyzed to improve the composition system of eco-economic effects. At the same time, the emergy theory was used to put forward the quantification method of eco-economic effect system. Taking the urban water system connectivity project in Xuchang as an example, it’s ecological, social and economic effects were evaluated. The result showed that the average eco-economic effect of the project is 57.8 million dollars/year. Economic effect and ecological effect are significant, accounting for 88.83% and 9.77% of total effect, respectively. The former is mainly due to land value increment, and the latter is principally owing to biodiversity conservation. It showed that the water system connectivity project in Xuchang can promote the economic development of the surrounding areas and create a good ecological environment, which will bring huge eco-economic effect to the region.