During the COVID-19, the relationships among family members and the stress that accompanied have increasingly affected families. The first aim of this study is to test the effects of marital adjustment, perceived stress and parental self-efficacy of married couples on family resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. The second aim of this study is to investigate whether or not family resilience, perceived stress, parental self-efficacy and marital adjustment differentiate depending on demographic and other variables in the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants consisted of 241 married individuals with at least one child between 4 and 18 years old, and data were collected online. It was found that when perceived stress increased, parental self-efficacy and marital adjustment decreased; besides, this perceived stress indirectly influenced family resilience through parental self-efficacy and marital adjustment. Similarly, it was found that pregnant participants experienced higher level of perception of stress during the COVID-19 period. It was found that the family resilience of participants who got support within the family was higher than participants who got support from outside the family. However, no differences were found between males and females. In stressful processes like the COVID-19 pandemic, each sub-system of the family (individual, couple and parent) has a significant role in the resilience level of the family as a whole. Future studies focus on experimental and can focus on programs prepared for family resilience. Intervention programs can be prepared related to stress perception, parental skills and marital adjustment of married couples and their influence on family resilience can be searched.

The studies show the link between Body Mass Index (BMI) and higher food responsiveness despite negative physical, social, and psychological outcomes. The descriptive studies examining what makes individuals with higher BMI values more likely to respond to food are limited, while there is none in the Turkish sample. This study aims to understand the subjective relationship of women with obesity/overweight related to food in Turkish culture. Turkish adult women (aged 22–54) who have BMI higher than 25 (overweight/obesity) participated in semi-structured interviews focusing on how they relate to food and obesity. Participants were reached through Ankara Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Obesity outpatient service. Audio-recorded interviews were analyzed predominantly inductively by thematic analysis principles. Analysis of these interviews reflected three main themes: (1) the act of eating: “I don’t know why I eat when I’m full”, (2) being overweight: “I am the kind of person who constantly tries to lose weight”, and (3) sources of distress. The results indicated the dynamic relationship between the desire to eat, chronic stress, perceived unavailability of close ones, and low sense of self-worth among adult women with obesity/overweight. The other indication is the effect of culture in shaping the relationship dynamics, the sources of distress, and the eating patterns in developing and maintaining obesity.

System theory argues that every family is a system and all experience certain developmental risks/challenges which affect the balance of the family. Pregnancy can be considered as a developmental risk and a challenge that a family may encounter. The first aim of the study is to reveal the factors that contribute to their resilience during the process of pregnancy especially when they experience problematic situations. The second aim is to compare whether certain factors change in accordance with group type (risk-free and high-risk pregnancy). One-hundred ninety-two participants took part in the study, (Age Mean= 28.65, SD= 5.90). There were 105 women in risk-free pregnancy and 87 in high risk pregnancy group. Together with demographics, an open-ended questions was asked. The results of content analysis include two basic themes which were social support and beliefs systems. There were six categories under the theme of social support (spouse support, family support, relative support, friend support, doctor support, and child support). Meanwhile, there are two categories under the theme of belief systems (religious belief and positive outlook). The comparison based on social support and positive outlook showed no difference among the groups. Only significant difference was evidenced in religious belief among the groups, high-risk pregnant women emphasized more religious belief. Finally, according to age and abortion experience, significant differences were found among groups. First, high-risk pregnant women were older than risk-free group, second, high-risk pregnant women emphasized greater number of abortion experiences. The findings were discussed in the light of relevant literature.Keywords: family resilience, content analysis, high-risk pregnancy, risk-free pregnancy Although women describe the process of pregnancy as a pleasing condition, changes and necessities during this period, and the social context in which pregnancy occurs increase women's anxiety and stress (Guardino & Schetter, 2014). The sources of this anxiety and stress might vary such as concern for the baby's state of health, impending childbirth and future parenthood responsibilities (Lobel, Hamilton, & Cannella, 2008). It is found out that being a younger woman and a single mother, living in a disadvantaged neighborhood, an unintended pregnancy, and having long-term physical and psychological health problems are correlated with prenatal anxiety (Henderson & Redshaw, 2013). While the process of pregnancy is a condition that causes physiological, familial, occupational and emotional distress that requires adjustment; for women with low income, the requirements are perceived to be even harsher (Norbeck & Anderson, 1989;Ritter, Hobfoll, Lavin, Cameron, & Hulsizer, 2000).Whereas having a child in the family is a source of stress, in some conditions (such as high-risk pregnancy), stress increases even more (Kemp & Hatmaker, 1989). High-risk pregnancy is described as any condition that negatively affects the health of the mother or the fetus a...

Boşanma, tüm aile bireylerini etkileyen ailesel bir kriz faktörüdür. Tek ebeveyn olarak boşanmış annelerin ebeveynlikleri ile ilgili deneyimleri, yurt dışı alan yazında birçok araştırmanın konusu olurken yurt içi alan yazında konu ile ilgili araştırma sayısı oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, boşanmış annelerin ebeveynlik stresi ile algıladıkları sosyal destek, kişilik özellikleri ve ebeveyn rolüne ilişkin kendilik algıları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Araştırmanın verileri; resmi olarak eşinden boşanmış, boşanmanın üstünden en az dört ay geçen, çocuğun velayetinin annede olduğu ve 18 yaşın altında en az bir çocuğu olan 128 anneden toplanmıştır. Araştırma için 09/12/2015 tarihinde 214 numaralı karar ile Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Etik Kurulundan izin alınmıştır. Araştırmada, demografik bilgi formu, Sıfatlara Dayalı Kişilik Testi, Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği, Ebeveyn Rolüne İlişkin Kendilik Algısı Ölçeği ve Ebeveynlik Stresi Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları algılanan sosyal desteğin, kişilik ölçeğinin alt boyutları olan duygusal dengesizlik ile deneyime açıklığın ve ebeveynlik rolüne ilişkin kendilik algıları ölçeğinin alt boyutu olan ebeveyn yatırımının ebeveynlik stresini anlamlı düzeyde yordadığı bulunmuştur. Bunun yanında deneyime açıklığın ve algılanan sosyal desteğin ebeveynlik stresini negatif olarak yordamaktadır. Duygusal dengesizlik ile ebeveyn yatırımının, ebeveynlik stresini pozitif yönde yordadığı bulunmuştur. Ebeveyn yeterliliği, rol doyumu, ebeveyn rol dengeleme, dışa dönüklük, yumuşak başlılık ve sorumluluk değişkenlerinin ebeveynlik stresini yordamada anlamlı olmadığı görülmüştür. Bu araştırmanın bulgularına göre, ebeveynlik stresini azaltan en etkili değişken ise deneyime açıklık kişilik özelliğidir.