Laki-laki dan perempuan dibedakan dalam sisi ciptaan, bentuk, tugas, serta tanggung jawab terhadap keduanya sesuai dengan fitrah dan nalurinya, sepertimana yang dinyatakan dalam firman-Nya: (Dan anak laki-laki tidaklah seperti anak perempuan). Maka diitetapkanlah bagi laki-laki apa yang sesuai dengan fitrahnya dan begitu pula bagi perempuan apa yang sesuai dengan fitrah dan tabiatny atau sifat dasar. Dengan demikian terlihat jelas bahwa Islam menjaga kepentingan perempuan sepertimana terhadap laki-laki karena perempuan adalah saudara terhadap laki-laki. Selain itu, perempuan juga memiliki peranan penting dalam Islam dimana Islam memberi perhatian penuh terhadap segala aspek baik aspek kehidupan ataupun urusan hidup mereka lainnya seperti thaharah, shalat, puasa, pernikahan, talak dan lain sebagainya. Namun pada saat ini terdapat satu permasalahan yang seringkali masih diperdebatkan oleh sebagian orang atau golongan mengenai persoalan kebolehan wanita menjadi seorang pemimpin sebuah negara. Dalam hal ini, terdapat dua pandangan dimana pandangan pertama menyatakan kebolehannya dan golongan kedua menyatakan ketidak bolehannya. Oleh sebab itu, penlitian ini sejatinya akan membahas mengenai hukum seorang perempuan menjadi pemimpin suatu negara berdasarkan empat madhab fiqh berlandaskan kepada hujjah masing-masing madhab baik dari ayat-ayat al-Qur’an, hadits dan lain sebagainy. Kemudian, pada bagian akhir pembahasan, penulis akan mencoba memberikan kesimpulan serta pandangan yang rajih daripada masing-masing pandangan madhab.
Abstrak Penyebaran virus berbahaya bernama Covid-19 yang tengah terjadi saat ini telah menciptakan berbagai polemik dan persoalan di tengah kehidupan masyarakat baik persoalan ekonomi, sosial, politik maupun agama khususnya. Misalnya saja, polemik mengenai penangguhan atau larangan mengenai ibadah shalat juma’at ataupun berjamaah di masjid yang mana persoalan tersebut melahirkan berbagai reaksi pro-kontra dari kalangan masyarakat. Masyarakat yang pro menganggap bahwa hal tersebut sebagai bentuk pencegahan dan antisipasi penyebaran virus korona atau Covid-19 yang tengah mewabah. Adapun masyarakat yang kontra terhadap penangguhan tersebut memandang bahwa hifdz al-din (memelihara agama seperti ibadah shalat) lebih utama dari hifdz al-nafs (memelihara jiwa atau nyawa). Oleh sebab itu, tujuan utama penelitian ini ialah untuk menjelaskan tinjauan Maqasid al-Shariah terhadap pembatasan, penangguhan, serta larangan pelaksanaan ibadah shalat Jum’at maupun lainnya semasa terjadi sebuah wabah. Metode yang digunakan penulis dalam penelitian ini ialah dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif penuh serta data dokumentasi yang terkait dengan topik kajian penelitian ini, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif.Kata-kata kunci: COVID-19, Maqasid al-Shariah, Shalat, Hifdz al-Din, Hifdz al-Nafs. AbstractThe spread of a deadly epidemic known as Covid-19 has indeed caused several polemics such as economic, social, political and religious issues in particular. For instance, the conflicts regarding ban congregational prayers and also mass gatherings amid coronavirus or Covid-19 pandemic have led to various responses pros and cons amongst the society. The pro assumes that it is indeed a way of preventing as well as anticipate the transmission of Covid-19. Unlike those who disagree with that kind of postponement, they presume that hifdz al-Din (protection of religion) is much more important than hifdz al-Nafs (protection of life). Furthermore, the key main objective of this research is to describe the postponement or cancelation of Friday prayers and mass gatherings due to coronavirus pandemic based on comprehensive study of maqasid al-shariah. In this research, the researcher uses full qualitative method and documentation related to the topic of this research, which then will be analyze descriptively.Keywords: COVID-19, Maqasid al-Shariah, Salat, Hifdz al-Din, Hifdz al-Nafs.
One of the main pillars of Islam is salat, wherein obliging salat, Allah SWT raised Prophet Muhammad SAW directly to the heavens through Isra Mi’raj. Five daily prayers are obligatory duties that must be performed by every Muslim as proof of devotion, obedience, and submission to His command with its requirements and pillars. The essence of salat cannot only be seen in practice but also on its process, such as wudu. Wudu is a procedure to purify the body with water. Wudu is one of the requirements for a valid salat, which is an obligation for every Muslim. Islam is filled with blessings and ease (rukhsah), given by Allah SWT to His Muslim servants. If one cannot perform wudu with water, then Allah SWT gave rukhsah, which is tayammum. A problem occurs if a Muslim unable to perform both wudu and tayammum, Which the COVID-19 healthcare worker is experiencing recently. This article is intended to research the rules in performing salat without wudhu or tayammum for COVID-19 healthcare workers based on four madhhab fiqh. In this research, the researcher uses a full qualitative method and documentation related to the topic of this research, which then will be analyzed descriptively.
There have been several instances of terrorism in Indonesia, including multiple suicide bombs, shootings, and other acts that have threatened public safety and impeded governmental functions. This issue has resulted in anxiety and insecurity, posing a threat to people's lives, particularly women's. As a result, all parties involved, especially women, must take adequate measures to anticipate and address these issues. Women are one of the possible individuals who can play a strategic role in limiting the spread of violent terrorism and extremism. They are also one of the most vulnerable groups. A thorough qualitative method is used in this article to examine the role of women in averting violent terrorism and radicalism. Following the findings of the study, it was discovered that a woman can play a significant role in violence prevention if she can create a happy home environment that always promotes good and moderate religious values that are in accordance with the real teachings of Islam. Thus, individuals and families are the primary representatives of either the anti-terrorism and anti-radicalization awareness campaign.Di berbagai daerah di Indonesia, telah banyak terjadi serangkaian peristiwa ekstremisme radikal, termasuk bom bunuh diri, penembakan, dan lain sebagainya yang mengusik keselamatan masyarakat dan kegiatan pemerintah. Fenomena ini jelas melahirkan rasa takut dan ketidakamanan yang mengusik berbagai elemen kehidupan masyarakat. Karenanya, pihak terkait, termasuk perempuan, perlu melakukan respon yang tepat untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut. Perempuan dapat menjadi salah satu figur potensial yang mempunyai peran strategis dalam membantu pencegahan terorisme, kekerasan dan radikalisme. Makalah ini berfokus pada peran perempuan dalam pencegahan kekerasan terorisme dan radikalisme dimana penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif penuh dengan merujuk kepada sumber-sumber yang berkaitan dengan topik penelitian dan kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa seorang perempuan berperan penting dalam pencegahan kekerasan jika perempuan tersebut mampu membangun lingkungan kehidupan keluarga yang harmonis dan senantiasa menekankan norma-norma keagamaan yang baik dan moderat sesuai dengan ajaran Islam yang sebenarnya. Maka, individu dan keluarga merupakan pendukung utama program kewaspadaan terhadap bahaya terorisme dan radikalisme.
Radicalism can lead to acts of terrorism that damaging feelings of safety and stability for many other entities and affecting all parts, whether soul, properties, and many more. In this research, the researcher uses a full qualitative method and documentation related to the topic of this research, which then will be analyzed descriptively. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the role of women based on the Islamic perspective regarding countering radicalism. The result found that another strategy to battle radicalism or spreading extremism is by the role and dedication of women in which women (mother) has become a landmark throughout family life to shape their children personality and mindset which enable them to remain mostly in the right direction as well as preventing radicalism and ideology that could turn to acts of violence.
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