Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry measurements of the flow field around a unity aspect ratio wing with a sinusoidal leading-edge have been carried out at a Reynolds number Re = 140, 000 for two angles of attack, α α α α = 0º and 15º. These measurements are intended to be used for improved computational modeling of the flow employing Detached Eddy Simulations. For this reason, numerical predictions have also been carried out for the mentioned flow cases, using both the "F2-shielded" modeling and the "delayed" modeling approaches for the SST k-ω turbulence model, as well as a reference Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes calculation. The results have demonstrated the superior performance of the "delayed" modeling at high incidence. However, the latter approach unexpectedly fails at low incidence, hence indicating the need for improved boundary layer transition modeling.Nomenclature AR = aspect ratio α = angle of attack C L = lift coefficient c = wing chord, m Re = Reynolds number
RESUMENObjetivo: Describir las condiciones y características del procedimiento de traqueotomía en una unidad de tercer nivel de atención y analizar su asociación con el desenlace registrado. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y descriptivo, que incluyó a los pacientes intervenidos por el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Centro Médico Nacional del Noroeste, Sonora, durante el período de un año agosto de 2014 al 2015. Revisión de expedientes clínicos de casos, incluyéndose 52 por considerarse completos. 57% hombres; edad promedio: 56.2 años. Se empleó estadística descriptiva para caracterizar la distribución y las diferencias se evaluaron mediante prueba de ji cuadrado y T de Student. Resultados: 71% se intervino en quirófano y 29% en la UCI, siendo esta unidad quien indicó la operación en más de la mitad de los casos (51.92%). La intubación prolongada fue la primera causa de traqueotomía (51%). En 34,61% se presentaron complicaciones y fueron en orden descendente: oclusión de cánula, enfisema periestomal, hemorragia, neumotórax bilateral, decanulación y fístula traqueoinnominada. Estas se hallaron significativamente asociadas con obesidad, intubación orotraqueal prolongada y uso de anestesia general. La mortalidad se presentó en 7,69%. Conclusiones: No se encontró diferencia significativa entre las complicaciones entre los pacientes de sala quirúrgica y cama de UCI. La ventilación mecánica prolongada fue la principal indicación para traqueotomía. La decanulación fue la principal causa de complicación; asimismo el IMC es un factor de riesgo de complicaciones. La tasa de mortalidad fue elevada con 7.69% respecto a otros estudios.Palabras clave: Traqueotomía; complicaciones; mortalidad.
Tracheotomy in a tertiary health care unit in Northwestern Mexico: description and analysis of a series of cases ABSTRACTObjective: To describe the conditions and characteristics of the tracheostomy procedure in a tertiary health care unit and analyze its association with the recorded outcome. Materials and methods: A retrospective, observational and descriptive study that included patients operated in the Otorhinolaryngology Unit of the Northwest National Medical Center, Sonora, from August 2014 to August 2015. Fifty-two (52) complete clinical records of consecutive series of cases were reviewed, out of which 57% were men with an average age of 56.2 years old. Descriptive statistics was used to characterize the distribution, and the differences were evaluated by chi-square test and Student's t-test. Results: Seventy-one percent (71%) of the patients underwent surgery in an operating room and 29% in the ICU. In the latter, more than half of the cases had a tracheostomy (51.92%). Prolonged intubation was the main cause of 51% of the tracheostomy procedures. Complications reached 34.61% of the cases and included the following disorders in descending order: cannula occlusion, peristomal emphysema, hemorrhage, bilateral pneumothorax, decanulation and innominate fistula. These complications were significantly a...
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