The goal of the present study was to propose a set of preliminary regional diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for paediatric interventional cardiology procedures in Latin America and the Caribbean countries, classified by age and weight groups. The study is conducted in the framework of the OPRIPALC programme coordinated by the World Health Organization and the Pan American Health Organization in cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency. The first step of the programme was focused on paediatric interventional cardiology. Dose data from diagnostic and therapeutic procedures were collected between December 2020 and December 2021. Regional DRLs have been set as the 3rd quartile of patient dose data (kerma area-product) collected in 18 hospitals from 10 countries in an initial sample of 968 procedures. DRLs have been set for four age bands and five weight ranges. The values obtained for the four age bands (<1 year, 1 to <5 years, 5 to <10 years and 10 to <16 years) have been 2.9; 6.1; 8.8 and 14.4 Gy.cm2 for diagnostic procedures, and 4.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 38.1 Gy.cm2 for therapeutic procedures, respectively. The values obtained for the five weight bands (<5 kg, 5 to <15 kg, 15 to <30 kg, 30 to <50 kg and 50 to <80 kg) have been 3.0, 4.5, 8.1, 9.2 and 26.8 Gy.cm2 for diagnostic procedures and 3.7, 4,3, 7.3, 16.1 and 53.4 Gy.cm2 for therapeutic procedures, respectively. While initial data were collected manually as patient dose management systems were not available in most of the hospitals involved in the programme, a centralized automatic dose management system for the collection and management of patient dose indicators has now been introduced and is envisaged to increase the sample size. The possibility of alerting on high dose values and introducing corrective actions will help in optimization.
Este trabalho apresenta o resultado do estudo para elaboração de um programa computacional para avaliação e controle de serviços de radiologia médica de médio porte, de acordo com as recentes diretrizes de proteção radiológica do Ministério da Saúde. A rotina do Departamento de Radiologia do Hospital São Vicente de Paulo, Passo Fundo, RS, foi analisada, e a partir desta análise foi desenvolvido um programa computacional utilizando-se ferramentas de computação padrão Windows. O programa, chamado de "Sistema Radiológico", foi implementado e testado com dados e medições, ficando comprovado que a metodologia permite o acompanhamento dos requisitos da Portaria nº 453 do Ministério da Saúde e possibilita ganho de eficiência em diversas atividades.
Os exames de tomografia computadorizada (TC) de crânio são amplamente realizados por fornecerem imagens com alta qualidade diagnóstica. No entanto, estes têm contribuído com uma grande parcela da dose devido às exposições médicas, chegando até dois terços das doses relativas na população. Deste modo, procedimentos de qualidade e otimização das doses se tornam fundamental em TC. A avaliação da dose fornecida nesta modalidade diagnóstica é realizada por meio do índice volumétrico de dose (CTDIvol). Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o CTDIvol, em exames de TC de crânio, no modo axial, utilizando detectores termoluminescentes (TL) e comparar com o valor fornecido pelo equipamento. A aquisição dos dados foi realizada em um tomógrafo de 128 canais, utilizando um simulador cilíndrico de polimetilmetacrilato para obter as imagens. O CTDIvol,avaliado por meio de detectores TL, teve um valor de (74±15) mGy e o equipamento forneceu, no relatório de dose ao final do exame, um CTDIvol de 73,4 mGy. O valor calculado a partir da estimativa de dose nos detectores TL é compatível com o valor fornecido pelo equipamento. Este resultado demonstra a aplicabilidade de TLD100 para avaliações postais de TC e levantamento de níveis de referência locais e regionais em radiodiagnóstico.
X-rays are widely used in medicine, including pediatrics. In addition to the benefits offered by the diagnosis, its use may also lead to the occurrence of biological effects. In pediatrics some tissues or organs are more radiosensitive. Also, due to the small size of the children, the organs are very close, increasing the radiation dose received by the patients. This study aimed to estimate the radiation dose received by children in the Skull AP, Abdomen AP and Pelvis AP projections. The dose calculation was performed from the x-ray tube output and the values were compared with major international dose reference levels. The results differ slightly from those presented by the adopted reference levels, but still are within the proposed range. The same happens for the radiographic technique used in each exam studied.
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