UiO-66 is regarded as an epitome of metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) because of its stability. Defect engineering has been used as a toolbox to alter the performance of MOFs. UiO-66 is among the most widely explored MOFs because of its capability to bear a high number of defects without undergoing structural collapse. Several representative works in the field of MOF-based defect engineering are available based on UiO-66. In this review, more emphasis is given toward the construction of catalytic sites by engineering defects in UiO-66 as a representative including all the detailed synthesis procedures for inducing defects, and the characterization techniques used to analyze these defects in UiO-66 are discussed. Furthermore, a comprehensive review for the defects themselves and the support using defects in catalysis is provided to accentuate the importance of defect engineering.

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Micronanoswarms have attracted extensive attention worldwide due to their great promise in biomedical applications. The collective behaviors among thousands, or even millions, of tiny active agents indicate immense potential for benefiting the progress of clinical therapeutic and diagnostic methods. In recent years, with the development of smart materials, remote actuation modalities, and automatic control strategies, the motion dexterity, environmental adaptability, and functionality versatility of micronanoswarms are improved. Swarms can thus be designed as dexterous platforms inside living bodies to perform a multitude of tasks related to healthcare. Existing surveys summarize the design, functionalization, and biomedical applications of micronanorobots and the actuation and motion control strategies of micronanoswarms. This review presents the recent progress of micronanoswarms, aiming for biomedical applications. The recent advances on structural design of artificial, living, and hybrid micronanoswarms are summarized, and the biomedical applications that could be tackled using micronanoswarms are introduced, such as targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia, imaging and sensing, and thrombolysis. Moreover, potential challenges and promising trends of future developments are discussed. It is envisioned that the future success of these promising tools will have a significant impact on clinical treatment.

Caries is the most common and extensive oral chronic disease. Due to the lack of anti-caries properties, traditional caries filling materials can easily cause secondary caries and lead to treatment failure. Nanomaterials can interfere with the bacteria metabolism, inhibit the formation of biofilm, reduce demineralization, and promote remineralization, which is expected to be an effective strategy for caries management. The nanotechnology in anti-caries materials, especially nano-adhesive and nano-composite resin, has developed fast in recent years. In this review, the antibacterial nanomaterials, remineralization nanomaterials, and nano-drug delivery systems are reviewed. We are aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the future development of anti-caries nanomaterials.