Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase (IP 3 3-kinase/IP3K) plays an important role in signal transduction in animal cells by phosphorylating inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 ) to inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (IP 4 ). Both IP 3 and IP 4 are critical second messengers which regulate calcium (Ca 2+ ) homeostasis. Mammalian IP3Ks are involved in many biological processes, including brain development, memory, learning and so on. It is widely reported that Ca 2+ is a canonical second messenger in higher plants. Therefore, plant IP3K should also play a crucial role in plant development. Recently, we reported the identification of plant IP3K gene (AtIpk2β/AtIP3K) from Arabidopsis thaliana and its characterization. Here, we summarize the molecular cloning, biochemical properties and biological functions of IP3Ks from animal, yeast and plant. This review also discusses potential functions of IP3Ks in signaling crosstalk, inositol phosphate metabolism, gene transcriptional control and so on.

Abstract:The crucial problem for integrating geospatial data is finding the corresponding objects (the counterpart) from different sources. Most current studies focus on object matching with individual attributes such as spatial, name, or other attributes, which avoids the difficulty of integrating those attributes, but at the cost of an ineffective matching. In this study, we propose an approach for matching instances by integrating heterogeneous attributes with the allocation of suitable attribute weights via information entropy. First, a normalized similarity formula is developed, which can simplify the calculation of spatial attribute similarity. Second, sound-based and word segmentation-based methods are adopted to eliminate the semantic ambiguity when there is a lack of a normative coding standard in geospatial data to express the name attribute. Third, category mapping is established to address the heterogeneity among different classifications. Finally, to address the non-linear characteristic of attribute similarity, the weights of the attributes are calculated by the entropy of the attributes. Experiments demonstrate that the Entropy-Weighted Approach (EWA) has good performance both in terms of precision and recall for instance matching from different data sets.

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Four natural lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River-Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, Chaohu Lake and Taihu Lake-play a key role in the climate, environment, and ecology of this area.

OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a representative volunteered geographic information (VGI) project. However, there have been difficulties in retrieving spatial information from OSM. Ontology is an effective knowledge organization and representation method that is often used to enrich the search capabilities of search systems. This paper constructed an OSM ontology model with semantic property items. A query expansion method is also proposed based on the similarity of properties of the ontology model. Moreover, a relevant experiment is conducted using OSM data related to China. The experimental results demonstrate that the recall and precision of the proposed method reach 80% and 87% for geographic information retrieval, respectively. This study provides a method that can be used as a reference for subsequent research on spatial information retrieval.