Desert ecosystems are an important component of terrestrial ecosystems and land use change directly affects their composition and function. However, there have been few studies on how land use change impacts the carbon-land-water nexus in desert ecosystems. We studied the effects of replacing sacsaoul (Haloxylon ammodendron), a typical natural vegetation in the Qaidam basin, China, with artificially planted goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) using the denitrification-decomposition (DNDC) model. Our results showed that DNDC model coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and Nash-Sutcliffe modelling efficiency (NSE) both reached 0.92 for sacsaoul and goji berry, and the root mean square error (RMSE) of the simulation was 495 kg ha À1 and 116 kg ha À1 for sacsaoul and goji berry, respectively. The land use
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