Background Nursing professionalism plays an important role in clinical nursing. However, a clear conceptual understanding of nursing professionalism is lacking. Method Walker and Avant’s strategy was used to analyse the concept of nursing professionalism. We searched electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL, for studies published from 1965 to 2021. Quantitative or qualitative studies published in English that focused on nursing professionalism were included in the study. Results The three attributes of nursing professionalism are multidimensional, dynamic, and culture oriented. Based on the analysis, nursing professionalism is defined as providing individuals care based on the principles of professionalism, caring, and altruism. Conclusions This study offers a theoretical definition and conceptual model of nursing professionalism that may be applied to develop standardized assessment tools or nursing professionalism training programs.

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It is known that the day-night shift-rotation has a negative impact on the immune system. The underlying mechanism remains to be further investigated. Probiotics have regulatory effects on immune functions. This study aims to investigate the role of probiotic ingestion in preventing the DEC205 + dendritic cell (decDC) dysfunction in day-night shift-engaging nurses. In this study, blood samples were collected from day-night shift-rotating nurses who took or did not take yogurt (containing C. Butyricum) during the night shift (NS). decDC functions were evaluated with pertinent immunological approaches. We observed that the immune tolerogenic functions and interleukin (IL)-10 expression were impaired in decDCs of nurses after NS. HDAC11 was detected in decDCs that was markedly up regulated after NS. The HDAC11 levels were negatively correlated with the immune tolerogenic functions in decDCs. Ingestion of probiotic-containing yogurt during NS efficiently suppressed Bmal1 and HDAC11 levels as well as up regulated the immune regulatory functions in decDCs. In conclusion, NS has a negative impact on decDC immune tolerogenic functions, which can be prevented by ingesting probiotics-containing yogurt during NS.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the barriers to home exercise for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PwPDs) and to provide guidelines for healthcare providers to build and implement home exercise strategies for PwPDs.DesignA qualitative descriptive method was used. Semistructured interviews were conducted and thematic analysis was employed.SettingThe study was conducted at the Department of Neurology at a grade 3 Class A general hospital in China.ParticipantsA total of 24 participants were interviewed, including 10 PwPDs, 7 caregivers, 4 nurses, 1head nurse, and 2 Parkinson’s clinicians.ResultsFive themes were identified in this analysis. (1) Psychosomatic stress and low activity; (2) Lack of early rehabilitation authorisation; (3) Poor ‘flow’ state of home exercise; (4) iInaccessibility of continued service; (5) Sociocultural impact on family coping.ConclusionPwPDs, caregivers and specialised medical staff raised the challenges faced by patients' home exercises from different perspectives. We can improve services and integrate resources through the management of multi-disciplinary, early rehabilitation authorisation, exercise experience, continuous service mode, and family coping strategies under different cultures to gradually adjust the home exercise behaviour of PwPDs.

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