Soil organic carbon density (SOCD) and soil organic carbon sequestration potential (SOCP) play an important role in carbon cycle and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. However, the majority of studies focused on a two-dimensional scale, especially lacking of field measured data. We employed the interpolation method with gradient plane nodal function (GPNF) and Shepard (SPD) across a range of parameters to simulate SOCD with a 40 cm soil layer depth in a dryland farming region (DFR) of China. The SOCP was estimated using a carbon saturation model. Results demonstrated the GPNF method was proved to be more effective in simulating the spatial distribution of SOCD at the vertical magnification multiple and search point values of 3.0×10 6 and 25, respectively. The soil organic carbon storage (SOCS) of 40 cm and 20 cm soil layers were estimated as 22.28×10 11 kg and 13.12×10 11 kg simulated by GPNF method in DFR. The SOCP was estimated as 0.95×10 11 kg considered as a carbon sink at the 20-40 cm soil layer. Furthermore, the SOCP was estimated as -2.49×10 11 kg considered as a carbon source at the 0-20 cm soil layer. This research has important values for the scientific use of soil resources and the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.

Grape quality is regulated by complex interactions between environments and cultivars. Growing suitable cultivars in a given region is essential for maintaining viticulture sustainability, particularly in the face of climate change. We created a database composed of three different subsets of data. The first subset was created by digitizing and curating the seminal report of Amerine and Winkler (1944), which provided grape harvest dates (GHDs), the quality of musts and wines, and wine tasting notes for 148 cultivars from 1935–1941 across five contrasting climatic regions of California. To put this dataset into a climate change context, we collected GHDs and must sugar content (°Brix) records from 1991 to 2018 for four representative cultivars in one of the five studied regions (Napa). Finally, we integrated meteorological data of the five regions during 1911–2018 and calculated bioclimatic indices important for grape. The resulting database is unique and valuable for assessing the fitness between cultivars across environments in order to mitigate the effects of climate change. Design Type(s) Cultivars design • Regions design Measurement Type(s) Climate data • Harvest date • Quality • Tasting notes Technology Type(s) Phenology characterization • Quality determination Sample Characteristic(s) Grape harvest dates • °Brix • Tannin • Total acid • pH • Alcohol • Fixed acid • Extract Measurement(s) maximum air temperature • minimum air temperature • total soluble solids ( o Brix) • must total acid • must pH • wine alcohol • wine extract • wine tannin • wine total acid • wine volatile acid Technology Type(s) weather station • a o Brix hydrometer • titration with sodium hydroxide to a phenolphthalein end point • a quinhydrone electrode or a Beckman pH meter • hydrometer • a special 0° to 8° Balling hydrometer • the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists method • titration with phenolphthalein as an indicator • titration with pretreated wines by method II of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists

Grasshopper populations can quickly grow to catastrophic levels, causing a huge amount of damage in a short time. Oedaleus decorus asiaticus (Bey-Bienko) (O. d. asiaticus) is the most serious species in Xilingol League of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The region is not only an important grassland but also a site of agricultural heritage systems in China. Therefore, projecting the potential geographic distribution of O. d. asiaticus to provide an early warning is vital. Here, we combined temperature, precipitation, soil, vegetation, and topography with remote sensing data to screen the predictors that best characterize the current geographical distribution of O. d. asiaticus. A MaxEnt model approach was applied to project the potential suitable distribution of O. d. asiaticus in Xilingol League (the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China) combined with a set of optimized parameters. The modeling results indicated that there were six main habitat factors that determined the suitable distribution of O. d. asiaticus such as the soil type (ST), grassland type (GT), elevation, precipitation during the growing period (GP), precipitation during the spawning period (SP), and normalized difference vegetation index during the overwintering period (ONDVI). The simulated result was good, with average AUC and TSS values of 0.875 and 0.812, respectively. The potential inhabitable areas of grasshoppers were 198,527 km2, distributed mainly in West Urumqi, Xilinhot City, East Urumqi, Abaga Banner, and Xianghuang Banner of Xilingol League. This study is valuable to guide managers and decision-makers to prevent and control the occurrence of O. d. asiaticus early on and this study may facilitate meaningful reductions in pesticide application.