As an important tributary of the Yangtze River basin, the Jialing River Basin (JRB) has a variable topography and fragile ecological environment. Under the influence of climate warming and human activities, the runoff and vegetation cover of the area are undergoing significant changes. For evaluating the impact of different factors on vegetation and streamflow variation in the JRB, the univariate linear regression method was employed to analyze the variation trend of streamflow and vegetation, and a heuristic segmentation algorithm was applied for identifying the mutation year of streamflow and NDVI time-series data in the JRB. Then, the influence degree of different factors on streamflow variation in the JRB was calculated by the Budyko equation and elastic coefficient method. Finally, the contribution rates of different factors to vegetation variation in the JRB were calculated by the multiple linear regression method. The results indicated that the mutation year of streamflow and NDVI time series data were 1985 and 2006, respectively. The contribution rates of climate factors and human activities to streamflow change in the JRB were 42.7 and 57.3%, respectively. The contribution rates to vegetation change were 28.89 and 71.11%, respectively. In general, human activities are the main driving force leading to runoff and vegetation changes in the JRB. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the ecological environment protection and water resources management of the JRB.
For assessing the influence of vegetation variation in upper reaches of Luanhe River (URLR) on streamflow, we first computed the equation between underlying surface parameter (ω) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Then we introduced the vegetation information into the Budyko equation and established a modified Budyko equation. Finally, the impact of vegetation change on streamflow in URLR were estimated using the modified Budyko equation. Results showed that: (1) The NDVI in the URLR presented an increasing trend from 1982 to 2016, which is opposite to the runoff depth. The sudden change of NDVI occurred in 1998, and a simple linear model between ω and NDVI was obtained (p < 0.01). (2) The contribution rate of precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, NDVI, and anthropogenic factor on streamflow change during the changing period (1999–2016) are 44.99, 11.26, 29.45, and 17.30%, respectively. Although precipitation is still the main driver of runoff impact in the ULRB, with the increasing vegetation in the ULRB, vegetation has become the second driver of runoff impact followed by human activities and potential evapotranspiration. The mechanism of the effect of vegetation change on the water cycle needs to be further investigated. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for water use and conservation in the URLR.
With the advancement of quality education and teaching reform in our country, subject competition has become one of the important ways to test the country and industry to test the reform and effectiveness of education and teaching in colleges and universities. The hard work of students and students in the subject competition is important, but the hard work and correct guidance of the instructor are also indispensable. The author combined his own team leadership experience to discuss from nine aspects including publicity and team formation, rules and interpretation, theory and practice, profession and interest, data and technology, topic and scope, appearance and performance, conclusion and reply, attitude and summary, etc. Provide instructors and participating college students with their own insights and experiences.
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