Statins are the most commonly prescribed lipid-lowering agents in patients with cardiovascular disease, and more than half of the patients with cardiovascular disease have associated depressive symptoms, particularly post-myocardial infarction, which is a major trigger for depression. In our research, we tried to understand the anti-depressant effects of statins, the mechanisms, risks and benefits, and potential drugdrug interactions with anti-depressant medications. We reviewed all the relevant information from inception up to September 2022 regarding the anti-depressant effects of statins. The database used was PubMed, and the keywords were statins, major depression, post-myocardial infarction, and hydroxy methylglutarylcoenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors. We have screened each of the articles carefully, including both human and animal studies, and found a positive correlation between reduction in depressive symptoms with statin therapy as adjunctive treatment with conventional anti-depressants. In conclusion, statins as a monotherapy are not an effective treatment for depression post-myocardial infarction but are good add-on options along with standard therapy such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Statins are safe and have no serious drug-drug interactions with anti-depressants. We would like to encourage large-scale observational studies and further postmarketing surveillance to improve our knowledge regarding the effectiveness of statins in the treatment of depression.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition in which the body's joints are attacked by the immune system, leaving the patient disabled in severe cases, with irreversible joint damage and a lower quality of life. RA patients are more likely to develop cardiovascular (CV) disease, which increases their risk of morbidity and mortality. This study systematically reviews various CV diseases that might occur with RA including heart failure (HF), coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome, ischemic heart disease, stroke, cardiac death, venous thromboembolism, and valvular diseases. The relation between these complications and RA is specifically assessed. Systematic search was carried out on literature reporting the risk of each of the CV diseases in RA patients from databases in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The databases searched were MEDLINE (through PubMed) and Google Scholar using a combination of keywords and medical subject headings (MeSH). Our keywords were mainly "cardiovascular diseases" and "arthritis and rheumatoid". We found a total of 33 articles reporting each CV comorbidity. Interestingly, a wide spectrum of CV diseases is reported in patients with RA. Many tools were implemented in the diagnosis of each disease such as carotid intima-media thickness for atherosclerosis and echocardiography for HF. We confirmed that RA is associated with an increased risk of different CV events, and prophylactic measures should be implemented.

Obesity is highly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), both of which can be simultaneously treated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs). There are many antidiabetic drugs that can be used for the treatment of T2DM. These drugs have vast modes of action and therapeutic uses. However, they also have different side effects. Some of these side effects, such as weight changes, are sometimes desirable while others are not. This review examines the literature on how GLP-1RA affects both blood glucose and body weight in patients with T2DM and obesity. In this context, GLP-1RA plays a critical part by controlling not only the blood glucose level but also weight. We followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and searched for articles from PubMed and Google Scholar databases that reported on T2DM, obesity, and GLP-1RA functions. We selected 13 articles that showed the benefits of GLP-1RA in managing both T2DM and obesity. Our review suggests that GLP-1RA is an innovative therapy that can address both conditions simultaneously.