Background: Withania coagulans is one of the most important medicinal herbs due to its wide range of biological activities. The aim of this study was to compare the hepatoprotective activity of crude methanolic extract versus n- hexane fraction of fruit of Withania coagulans in CCl4 induced liver toxicity Methods: This study was done on 36 Balb c mice in Department of Anatomy of Khyber Medical College Peshawar. Results: The mean serum of Group 1(control Group) was 33.41±1.82U/L, for Group 2 (CCl4 treated Group) was 89.01±7.51 U/L, for Group 3(low dose Group) was 49.91±3.48 U/L and for Group 4 (High dose Group) was 50.86±4.87 U/L. There was significant difference in the readings of Group1 and Group 2 which indicated CCL4 induced hepatotoxicity in two groups. There was significant difference in the values of Group 3 and Group 4 (p-value .000), showing the hepatotoxicity in these Groups was further enhanced. The mean AST at the end of six weeks for Group1 was 26.80±3.21U/L, for Group 2 was 149.01±13.63U/L, for Group 3 (including both low doses) was 70.81±7.92U/L and for Group 4 (High doses group) was 51.01±11.05U/. Conclusion: Withania coagulans both fractions have hepatoprotective effect against CCL4 induced hepatic toxicity in high and low doses in Balb c mice.

Hip fracture is the leading cause of morbidity in the geriatric population of Pakistan. The anthropometric parameters and bone mineral density is closely associated with risks of femur fracture on the elderly. Objectives: This study is oriented upon the relation of anthropometric parameters and bone mineral density with femur neck fracture in the elderly. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan, Pakistan. Period: May 2015 to October 2015. Material & Methods: A total of 121 patients both male and female from 50 to 70 years old were included in the study. Thirty patients had a history of hip fractures while 91 patients were age matched controls. Patients below 40 years and above 70 years were excluded as well as patients on long term steroids, or rheumatoid arthritis and bed ridden. Data regarding patient’s age, sex as well as height and weight were recorded. Both height and weight were measured in light clothing without shoes. Weight was measured using an electronic scale and standing height was measured to the nearest centimeter with a stadiometer. Body mass index was calculated as weight (kg)/height (m).2 Bone mineral density was assisted by Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) heel, using WHO T-score. The Anthropometric parameters and bone mineral density of hip fracture cases were then compared with age-matched control groups. For statistical analysis of data, we used SPSS 20. Results: The average age of hip fracture patients were higher than the control. Females with hip fracture found taller, lighter and had low BMI (p=0.003). Bone mineral density of hip fracture cases were significantly lower as compared to T-score of control (p=0.0001). Height correlated significantly with BMI (r=2.68 p=0.005) and with BMD (r=2.56 p=0.005). Weight had significant correlation with BMI (r= 0.488 p=0.0001) and with BMD (r=0.212 p=0.002). Conclusion: The anthropometric parameter, especially body mass Index and bone mineral density seems to be associated with the risk of femur neck fracture.

Objectives: The aims is to determine whether there is any difference between thebone age of thalassemic children with chronological age and serum ferritin and its correlationwith normal children of the same age. Study design: This was cross sectional analytical study.Place & Duration: The study was conducted as age sex matched normal control, from Fatimidand Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar during August 2014 to January 2015. Material &Methods: A total 156 samples were selected conveniently to make comparison of bone agebetween thalassemic children (age 9-15years) and control. A structure data collection check listwas used to collect data X-ray findings (bone age) and Ferritin level. Data were analyzed usingSPSS version 20 and MS Excel. The frequency, proportion, percentages, ratio, means and SDwere calculated. Student’s t- test was applied to compare the means of biochemical measuresbetween the two groups, P value ≤ 0.05. Results: The results indicate total 156 children wereincluded with mean age 11.9 ± 2.2, {97(62.2%) were being males and 59 (37.8%) were beingfemales}. Out of thalassemic (n= 76) majority 49 (62.8%) were male as compare to female29(37.2%). The bone age was significantly different from control (p = 0001). Similarly the meanferritin concentrations were also different (P = 0001). Conclusion: Serum ferritin level could beone of the indictors for osteoporosis and thus may play an imperative role in the managementof thalassemia patients by early diagnosis and treatment.

No abstract