Objective: To determine the frequency of neglected renal calculi in patients with acute kidney injury. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted at the division of nephrology, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, from 26/09/2021- 26/03/2022. Data was collected from 214 patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Detailed clinical history was taken to confirm the patient did not know about the presence of previous stone disease. After confirming the acute kidney injury, bio-chemical investigations including serum urea, serum creatinine, serum calcium, urine analysis, and radiological investigation i.e. ultrasound KUB, X-ray KUB.  When needed IUV and CT scan KUB was also done for the confirmation of the renal stones.  Results:  In this study, the mean age was 52 years ± 13.81. Sixty-seven percent of patients were male, while 33% were female. Twelve percent of patients had neglected renal calculi, while 88% of patients didn’t have neglected renal calculi.    Conclusion: Our study concluded that 12% of patients presented with Acute Kidney Injury at a tertiary care hospital had neglected renal stones.  Keywords: Neglected renal calculi, Acute Kidney Injury.

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are mostly managed with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). ESRD patients on MHD also present with many complications, such as anemia, hyperparathyroidism, and hepatitis prevalence. This study depicts the real-world scenario of anemia among MHD and end-stage renal disease patients in the Pakistani population. A retrospective, multicentric, and real-world data analytical study was conducted at 4 dialysis centers in Pakistan. The study had a sample size of n = 342 patients on maintenance hemodialysis. The data were gathered from the medical records of patients. Data analysis was performed using STATA Version 16. Statistical significance was gauged at a 0.05 level of significance. According to our results, the mean age of the patients was 45 (±15) years. Most of the patients were male (n = 234, 68.4%), whereas 58.1% of the patients were maintained on twice-weekly hemodialysis. The most commonly reported comorbidities were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The frequency of dialysis ( P  < 0.01) and comorbidities ( P  = 0.009) had a significant association with anemia in MHD patients. The majority of the patients had hyperparathyroidism (52%) with anemia. Upon performing binary logistic regression, multivariate analysis displayed a similar odds value for having anemia in patients with every additional month in the duration of hemodialysis (OR 1.01, P  = 0.001), the odds of anemic patients having a positive antihepatitis-C antibody (OR 2.22, P  = 0.013), and the odds of having anemia in patients in the age category below 45 years (OR 1.93, P  = 0.013). In conclusion, the study results depict that every additional month in the duration of hemodialysis, age (<45 years), and positive anti-HCV antibody status, these variables were more likely to have anemia in our study MHD patients. While in our final multivariate model, no statistically significant association was observed between hyperparathyroidism and anemia.