Objective: To determine the frequency of neglected renal calculi in patients with acute kidney injury. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted at the division of nephrology, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, from 26/09/2021- 26/03/2022. Data was collected from 214 patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Detailed clinical history was taken to confirm the patient did not know about the presence of previous stone disease. After confirming the acute kidney injury, bio-chemical investigations including serum urea, serum creatinine, serum calcium, urine analysis, and radiological investigation i.e. ultrasound KUB, X-ray KUB.  When needed IUV and CT scan KUB was also done for the confirmation of the renal stones.  Results:  In this study, the mean age was 52 years ± 13.81. Sixty-seven percent of patients were male, while 33% were female. Twelve percent of patients had neglected renal calculi, while 88% of patients didn’t have neglected renal calculi.    Conclusion: Our study concluded that 12% of patients presented with Acute Kidney Injury at a tertiary care hospital had neglected renal stones.  Keywords: Neglected renal calculi, Acute Kidney Injury.

Objective To determine the prevalence of malnutrition in patients with chronic kidney disease Materials and MethodsThis descriptive study was conducted at department of Nephrology, Lady Reading HospitalPeshawar from (start date) to (end date). CKD patients aging 20 to 80 years were enrolled and assessed for malnutrition using MNA® Score. Patients with MNA® 0 to 7 were labelled as malnourished. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.Results170 CKD patients were enrolled. 118 patients were male and 58 females. Male to female ratio was 2:1. Malnutrition was observed in 65 patients (38.2%). Malnutrition was significantly associated with age of the patient (p = 0.05) and duration of CKD (p = <0.001).ConclusionMalnutrition is a significant finding in CKD patients on haemodialysis. Patients with prolonged illness and advanced age are more likely to have it. CKD patients should be assessed for malnutrition.Key WordsChronic kidney disease (CKD), Malnutrition, Haemodialysis.

Background: Phosphate Excretion Declines With Renal Failure. PTH And FGF23 Diminish Glomerular Phosphorus Filtration, Which Decreases Tubular Reabsorption. Protein And Phosphorus Are Linked. Proteinuria Who Eat A Low- Protein Diet Reduce The Progression Of Renal Disease And Improve Their Survival. Not All Animal Proteins And Plants Have The Same Phosphorus Content. Food Labels Must Indicate The Phosphorus-To-Protein Ratio For Accuracy. Low-Protein Diets May Increase Mortality And Morbidity In End-Stage CKD Patients, Sparking Debate. Using Phosphate-Binding Medications To Reduce FGF23 And Serum Phosphorus Had No Effect On Protein Intake. A Patient's Phosphate Binder Tolerance and Intestinal Dysbacteriosis May Hinder Dialysis.

Purpose: The study objectives were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SOF and VLP combination in HCV-infected patients on Hemodialysis (HD) in the local community as usual Pakistani practice. Methodology: In this study, 252 patients were given treatment who participated. Patients who maintain their hemodialysis are often given a combination of SOF and VLP. Before beginning the drug, the patient had testing that included an upper GI endoscopy, genotyping, measurement of the viral load, and a liver brow scan. Patients were administered SOF and VLP at dosages of 400 mg/day and 100 mg/day, respectively, for the duration of the study. Between March 2019 and March 2021, this study was conducted at the Department of Kidney Diseases at LRH Hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan, which was an observational, prospective, single-center study. 27 HCV-HD patients were on a SOF/VLP regimen during the experiment. The ICH-GCP criteria were surveyed in an intended manner. During the data analysis, a p-value of 0.05 or below was considered statistically significant. Results:  Forty percent ofthe patients were male, and sixtypercent were female between the ages of 27 and ninety. According to the findings of 252 participants (n = female 14, 43.5 percent and n = male 18, 45.5 percent), 21 subjects were naïve, and six issues were in the treatment-experienced group (with SOF/RBV), with a mean age of 35.5 years and a standard deviation of 9.6 years. At the post-treatment follow-up visit after 12 weeks of therapy with SOF/VLP, the sustained virological response (SVR) rate was 100 percent (252 of 252), indicating that all of the patients had successfully recovered from their infection. During the study, not a single patient had a virological setback or was lost to follow-up. The most common adverse effects (AEs) recorded were nausea, headache, and tiredness; however, there were no reports of significant AEs. In addition, there were no cases of therapy being stopped prematurely owing to adverse effects. Conclusion: Patients in regular care in Pakistan who have HCV and are receiving HD are offered an extraordinarily efficient, risk-free, and well-tolerated treatment consisting of the total dosage of SOF-VLP given for 12 weeks.