The study results suggest that K-tape could replace the bandage in DLT, and it could be an alternative choice for the breast-cancer-related lymphedema patient with poor short-stretch bandage compliance after 1-month intervention. If the intervention period was prolonged, we might get different conclusion. Moreover, these two treatment protocols are inefficient and cost time in application. More efficient treatment protocol is needed for clinical practice.

Aneuploidy, chromosome stoichiometry that deviates from exact multiples of the haploid compliment of an organism, exists in eukaryotic microbes, several normal human tissues, and the majority of solid tumors. Here, we review the current understanding about the cellular stress states that may result from aneuploidy. The topics of aneuploidy-induced proteotoxic, metabolic, replication, and mitotic stress are assessed in the context of the gene dosage imbalance observed in aneuploid cells. We also highlight emerging findings related to the downstream effects of aneuploidy-induced cellular stress on the immune surveillance against aneuploid cells.

Aneuploidy, referring to unbalanced chromosome numbers, represents a class of genetic variation associated with cancer, birth defects and eukaryotic microbes 1 – 4 . Whereas it is known that each aneuploid chromosome stoichiometry can give rise to a distinct pattern of gene expression and phenotypic profile 4 , 5 , it has remained a fundamental question as to whether there are common cellular defects associated with aneuploidy. In this study, we designed a unique strategy that allowed for the observation of common transcriptome changes of aneuploidy by averaging out karyotype-specific dosage effects using aneuploid yeast cell populations with random and diverse chromosome stoichiometry. This analysis uncovered a common aneuploidy gene-expression (CAGE) signature suggestive of hypo-osmotic stress. Consistently, aneuploid yeast exhibited increased plasma membrane (PM) stress leading to impaired endocytosis, and this defect was also observed in aneuploid human cells. Thermodynamic modeling showed that hypo-osmotic-like stress is a general outcome of proteome imbalance caused by aneuploidy and predicted a ploidy-cell size relationship observed in yeast and aneuploid cancer cells. A genome-wide screen further uncovered a general dependency of aneuploid cells on a pathway of ubiquitin-mediated endocytic recycling of nutrient transporters. Loss of this pathway coupled with the aneuploidy-inherent endocytic defect leads to marked alteration of intracellular nutrient homeostasis.