The aim of this study is to determine the levels of yield extract of mangosteen pericarp extracted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Central Composite Design (CCD) with various concentrations of ethanol (in the range of 45 to 96 %) and duration of microwave heating (in the range 5.8 to 34.1 o C) or Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE). The yield extract was calculated as percentage to the weight of origin. The results showed that optimum extraction conditions for yield extract were at ethanol concentration of 70% and heating time of 31.5 minutes which resulted in yield extract of 19.45%. More over, under these conditions resulted yield of 19.83%. The yield extract equation of mangosteen pericarp is Y = -73,7883 + 0,5293 X heating time and X 2 1 + 2,4230 X 2 is ethanol concentration in water as solvent. 0,0084X12 0,00173 X2 2 , where X1 is heating time and X2 is ethanol concentration in water as solvent.Key words : Optimization, Mangosteen, RSM CCD, MAE, yield
Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) merupakan tanaman gulma yang sering dimusnahkan, namun sekelompok masyarakat ada yang memanfaatkan tanaman ini sebagaiobat tradisional yang dapat menyembuhkan beberapa macam penyakit diantaranya lukakoreng di kulit, malaria, influenza, radang paru-paru, tumor dan obat rematik. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa yang ada dalam ekstrak heksana bandotanserta menguji aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichiacoli. Herba bandotan diekstraksi dengan heksana menggunakan metode maserasi. Maserasidilakukan dalam bejana tertutup selama 24 jam dan sesekali diaduk.Proses maserasidilakukan sebanyak tiga kali volume 500 mL.Ekstrak heksana dipekatkan dengan rotaryevaporator dan dilakukan pengujian fitokimia meliputi golongan senyawa alkaloid,saponin, tanin, triterpenoid steroid dan flavonoid. Ekstrak heksan herba bandotan diujiaktivitas antibakterinyaterhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli dengan metode kertas cakram dan dianalisis senyawa kimianya dengan Kromatografi GasSpektrofotometri Massa (GC-MS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar rendemen ekstrak sebesar 10,01%, kadar air 8,41%,dan ekstrak heksana herba bandotan mengandung senyawa golongan alkaloid, triterpenoid-steroid dan flavonoid. Ekstrak heksana herba bandotan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dengan diameter daya hambat (DDH) terhadap S. aureus 29,6 mm dan diameter daya hambat (DDH) terhadap E. coli 12,4m sehingga lebih peka terhadap S. aureus (gram positif)dibandingkan dengan E.coli (gram negatif).Komponen senyawa yang terdapat dalam ekstrak heksana herba bandotan yang dianalisis dengan Kromatografi Gas Spektrometri Massa (GC-MS) antara lain kariofilen, isokariofilen, ageratokromen, demetoksiageratokromen, 6-vinil-7-metoksi-2,2dimetilkromen, kumarin, asam dikloroasetat, 1-heptadekanol, 7-etil-6-metil-5metiltiopirazolo[1,5-a]pirimidin.Senyawa-senyawa tersebut diduga merupakan senyawa yang berperan sebagai zat antibakteri.Kata kunci : Bandotan, heksana, antibakteri,Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus,GC-MS
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