Recent research advances in the molecular and biochemical processes involved in wound healing and skin aging have led to the development of innovative cosmeceuticals that rely on peptides, proteins, and growth factors to enhance skin health. Although the long-term benefits of these products have not been fully tested and evaluated, evidence of the benefits derived from their use is steadily growing. This study describes the peptides, proteins, and growth factors that are most frequently used in cosmeceuticals and discusses their potential benefits and practical use in dermatology.