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A novel ratiometric colorimetric and fluorescent dual probe based on Eriochrome Black T (EBT)-Eu complex was designed to detect dipicolinic acid (DPA), a major constituent of bacterial spores, with high sensitivity and selectivity. UV-vis titration experiments demonstrated that EBT and Eu ions formed a 1:1 coordination pair in water. In the presence of Eu ions, the blue solution of EBT changed to magenta, however, upon the addition of DPA, the magenta color changed to blue immediately and characteristic fluorescence emission from DPA-Eu complex was observed. In addition, the sensitivity of the system was further evaluated on Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores and as low as 2.5 × 10 spores were detected.

Aptamer probes for specific recognition of glioblastoma multiforme were generated using a repetitive and broad cell-SELEX-based procedure without negative selection. The 454 sequencing technology was used to monitor SELEX, and bioinformatics tools were used to identify aptamers from high throughput data. A group of aptamers were generated that can bind to target cells specifically with dissociation constants (Kd) in the nanomolar range. Selected aptamers showed high affinity to different types of glioblastoma cell lines, while showing little or no affinity to other cancer cell lines. The aptamers generated in this study have potential use in different applications, such as probes for diagnosis and devices for targeted drug delivery, as well as tools for molecular marker discovery for glioblastomas.

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