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Objective Testicular torsion may lead to testicular atrophy and male infertility if untreated within some hours. Since ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is a reason for the harmful effects during testicular torsion, antioxidant agents are among the targets of science to deal with reactive oxygen species (ROS). As a flavonoid member, myricetin (3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 7-hexahydroxyflavone, MYR) has antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antidiabetic activities. Materials and MethodsIn this experiment 32 Wistar albino male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8). Group I was defined as the sham group. In group II, I/R group, testicular torsion detorsion was performed. In group III (MYR 25) and group IV (MYR 50), MYR was administrated intraperitoneally at 25 and 50 mg/kg doses, 30 minutes before detorsion. The testicular and lung tissue samples were examined biochemically.Results In both testis and lung tissues, MYR decreased TOS, MDA, and MPO levels at both high and low doses compared to the I/R group. Besides, SOD values increased in MYR treatment groups compared to the I/R group.Conclusion MYR performed promising effects on testicular and lung tissues following testicular I/R injury according to biochemical parameters.

Objective The effects of urapidil in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) model were investigated using histopathological and biochemical methods. Materials and methods Forty Wistar albino rats were subjected to sham operation (Group 1), IR (Group 2), IR+dimethyl sulfoxide (Group 3), IR+urapidil 0.5 mg/kg (Group 4), and IR+urapidil 5 mg/kg (Group 5). Levels of MDA, TAS, TOS, SOD, MPO, NF-κB, caspase-3, and LC3B were measured. Results and discussion The groups 2 and 3 had significantly higher TOS and MPO levels than the sham group had (p < 0.001), whereas the TAS and SOD levels were significantly lower in Group 2 than in the sham group. In treatment groups, TAS and SOD levels increased, whereas TOS, MPO, and MDA levels decreased compared to Group 2. Caspase-3 and LC3B immunopositivities were seen at severe levels in Group 2 and 3. However, Group 4 and 5 were found to have lower levels of immunopositivity. Immunopositivity was observed in interstitial areas, peribronchial region, and bronchial epithelial cells. A moderate level of NF-κB immunopositivity was seen in Group 2 and 3. Conclusion Our results show that urapidil is one of the antioxidant agents and protects lung tissue from oxidant effects of intestinal IR injury.

We detected an atlas vertebra of which costal elements of its foramen transversarium were not developed bilaterally. The costal element is an arch of bone that form the anterior portion of foramen transversarium. The vertebral arteries running towards cranial cavity are surrounded and protected by foramina transversarium of upper six cervical vertebrae. Surgeons should be aware of this variation before operations to neck region, because the vertebral arteries may easily be injured due to lack of anterior bony protection of the costal elements. As well as the vertebral artery, the nerve plexus around vertebral artery may also be responsible of some complications due to failure of this bony protection.

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