Background: The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of kinesiotherapy used for treating various disorders in athletes on pain and pedal functions in patients with calcaneal apophysitis. Methods: This prospective randomized controlled study included 22 patients with calcaneal apophysitis aged 8 to 16 years presenting with heel pain among junior athletes of a professional football club. The patients were randomly grouped into two groups, with one group receiving sham tape only and the other kinesio tape. American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were recorded before and after the treatment. Results: The preoperative VAS score of the kinesio tape was 7, and AOFAS score was 62.4; the corresponding figures of the sham group were 6.81 and 70.5, respectively. The kinesio-tape group had a better AOFAS scores at 1st and 3rd month (p < 0.05). Posttreatment AOFAS score was 99.7 ± 0.9 for the kinesio-tape group and 97.4 ± 3.9 for the sham-tape group. Posttreatment VAS score was 0.1 ± 0.3 for the kinesio-tape group and 0.4 ± 0.5 for the sham-tape group (p > 0.05). Discussion: Conservative treatment modalities are preferentially used for its treatment. Kinesiotherapy is one of the treatment methods for the apophysitis. In the literature, our study is the first prospective randomized trial on the efficacy of kinesio taping in calcaneal apophysitis. Conclusions: Although kinesio taping can be effectively used for the restoration of ankle functions of athletes with calcaneal apophysitis, its role in pain is limited. Since it lacks serious side effects, it can be used in combination with or as an alternative to pharmacological treatment in this patient group.

Evaluation of bond strength of restorative materials to calcium silicate-based biomaterials in vital pulp treatment Background: The purpose of this study was to provide a comparative evaluation of the shear bond strengths of calcium silicate based biomaterials used in vital pulp treatment to resin modified glass ionomer cement and composite resin. Methods: 78 acrylic blocks with a hole measuring 4 mm diameter and 2 mm height were prepared. Calcium silicate based biomaterials (ProRoot MTA, BioAggregate, Biodentine) were prepared in line with the manufacturers' instructions, inserted into hole and waited the recommended time for the setting. The biomaterials specimens were divided into resin modified glass ionomer cement and composite resin. After adhesive procedures, restorative materials were applied over the biomaterials with the help of cylindrical mold (2 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height). All specimens were stored at 37°C for 24 h and shear bond strength was then measured by universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: The shear bond strength value of the composite resin was found to be higher than that of the resin modified glass ionomer in all biomaterials (ProRoot MTA, BioAggregate and Biodentine). When biomaterials were compared, it was found that both resin-modified glass ionomer cement and composite resin bond strength of Biodentine were significantly higher than ProRoot MTA and BioAggregate (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, composite resin could be preferred as a restorative material upon the calcium silicate-based biomaterials used in vital pulp treatment. In addition, biodentine may be a good alternative to MTA and BioAggregate because it exhibits both better binding strength values, shorter curing times, easier manipulation and lower cost.

PŮVODNÍ PRÁCE MATERIAL AND METHODSDesigned as a prospective study, this study enrolled a total of 42 patients who underwent knee arthroscopy. All participants were informed about the study and all of them gave informed consent prior to treatment. The patients were randomized on the basis of the rank of admission, and the first group underwent a total of 4 kinesiotherapy sessions on postoperative second, eighth, sixteenth, and twenty-fourth days while the second group underwent sham taping therapy for mimicking kinesiotaping. All operations were carried out by two surgeons (M.E, E.K).The study involved a total of 42 patients older than 18 years of age who underwent knee arthroscopy and agreed to participate in the study (Table 1). Patients with the following properties were excluded: Those with dermal hypersensitivity reaction against kinesiotherapy, extensive arthrosis, or extensive synovitis like pigmented villonodular synovitis; who were younger than 18 years of age; who

Chronic kidney disease is a public health problem with increasing prevalence caused by diabetes, hypertension and glomerulonephritis. Number of publications investigate the lower urinary tract dysfunction due to CKD is limited. There is a high incidence of bladder dysfunction of different degrees in patients with renal failure. Mechanism of the lower urinary tract dysfunction in these patients is not well known. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of CKD on detrusor function in a rat model of CKD. In our study, 20 Wistar Albino rats have been divided into two groups as CKD and control groups. To the experiment group, left partial nephrectomy and right nephrectomy have been applied. CKD confirmation has done with the BUN and creatinin values from the blood of the rats. The bladder strips were prepared from the CKD and control groups and its contractile responses were evaluated in-vitro. There wasn't a considerable difference with the contractile responses caused by carbachol, KCL. There was a considerable increase in the contractile responses caused by ATP, ADP and electrical field stimulation on the behalf of the CKD group. The present study demonstrated that isolated DSM of CKD group showed significantly increased contraction responses to purinergic agonists ADP, ATP and atropine resistant component in electrical field stimulation-induced contractions as compared to those of the control group. Bladder overactivity and reduced bladder volume in CKD patients might be due to the change in purinergic system.

In this case report, we present an unexpected, extramediastinal course of aortic arch through an accessory fissure of left upper lobe of the lung in a 19-year-old healthy man.