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Değİrmencİ Karataş D., Aydin F., Aydin I., Karataş H. (2015): Elemental composition of red wines in Southeast Turkey. Czech J. Food Sci., 33: 228-236.Mineral profiles of wines and soil extracts were analysed in the five most popular international wines (Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Merlot, Cot, and Tannat) and national Boğazkere, which is one of the highest-quality grapevine varieties grown in Turkey. We carried out study to establish the mineral and metal concentrations in wines from Southeast Anatolia of Turkey. The ICP-OES method was used for accurate determination of concentrations of 12 elements including Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, and Zn. The high levels of iron, potassium, sodium, and calcium were observed in the wine samples analysed. Major elements were also abundantly found in the soil samples. Minor element contents of wine samples were compatible with results other researches. The amount of metal content in wine is an important issue. A remarkable finding of the study was that heavy metals like Pb (found below acceptable limits only in three samples), Co, and Cd were not detected. The results obtained did not exceed the maximum acceptable limits established by the Office International de la Vigne et du Vin. Our results showed that the mineral compositions of wine and soils were interrelated. The analysis of the soil samples taken from the vineyard locations showed similar results for highest composition of major minerals. The characteristics of the wines produced in the Southeast Region of Turkey were analysed for the first time.

Wild grapevine genetic diversity in southeast Turkey has not been documented to date. In the present work, in order to clarify the relationships between wild and cultivated grape accessions from southeastern Turkey, 22 nuclear and three chloroplast microsatellite loci were used on 21 wild grapevine Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris (Gmelin) and 13 cultivated grapevine Vitis vinifera ssp. sativa accessions. The number of alleles per SSR locus ranged from 4 (VVIn16) to 20 (VVIv67) and the mean allele number per locus was 10.09. Expected locus heterozygosity ranged from 0.586 (locus VVIb01) to 0.898 (locus (VVIv67)). The three cpSSR molecular markers presented variation in size both in cultivars and in wild Turkish accessions. Two size variants were detected for cpSSR3 (106 and 107 bp) for cpSSR5 (104 and 105 bp), and for cpSSR10 (115 and 116 bp). The six alleles in wild grapevines fell into three haplotypes B, C and D. A genetic structure according to accessions taxonomic status (wild or cultivated) was revealed by UPGMA analysis. This highlighted a clear separation between domesticated and wild accessions in Turkish germplasm. The results pointed out the need to further collect and characterize this wild and cultivated grapevine germplasm.

ABSTRACT. Turkey is very rich in local grape varieties. The solution to the problem of identifying local cultivars, which is considered an important deficiency for the region, will only be possible when they can be defined with molecular markers. Forty-nine local grapevine cultivars from Şanlıurfa (Turkey) were characterized with RAPD markers. Twenty-five decamer primers selected from 60 primers were used in this analysis. A total of 171 bands were obtained with the 25 primers, of which 112 were polymorphic; the level of DNA polymorphism was 65.49% in these local cultivars. Among the selected primers, OPA-18, OPO-07 and P-123 gave the maximum number of polymorphic bands (seven). Genetic relationships among these cultivars were determined with a similarity index and using a dendogram. Among the grape cultivars, the lowest similarity ratio (0.578) was observed among the Külahi-Kızılbanki cultivars and the highest similarity ratio (0.908) was observed for the Çilorut-Dökülgen combination. The high similarity ratio among the grape cultivars of Şanlıurfa Province was also reflected in the dendogram. 1981©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 9 (4): 1980-1986 (2010) RAPD analysis of Turkish grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera) In general, no relationships were encountered between the genetic identification of the cultivars and their ampelographic properties.

To estimate genetic relationships among 46 local grape cultivars, RAPD analysis was performed with 25 decamer primers selected from a total of 60 primers. Genetic relationships among these cultivars were determined by calculating similarity indexes, from which a dendogram was derived. There was high genetic variation among the cultivars, with values of genetic diversity ranging from 0.553 to 0.952 using the Jaccard coefficient. UPGMA analysis of a distance matrix produced a dendogram with six clusters. The relatively high genetic similarity ratios observed for the cultivars was also reflected in the dendogram. In general, no relationship was encountered between the genetic similarity ratios of the cultivars and the results of previous ampelographic analyses.