Background: Among neonates, lack of oxygen results in multi-organ failure especially causing brain hypoxia resulting in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Aim: To determine diagnostic accuracy of LDH in detecting birth asphyxia keeping clinical signs of HIE as gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methodology: Neonates (n=180) fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study from the Emergency Neonatal Unit and Neonatology Ward of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. Following informed consent, blood (1cc) was taken and LDH levels were measured. Antenatal scans determined gestational age. Chi-square test was applied with P-value <0.05 taken as significant. Results: Diagnostic accuracy of LDH for detection of perinatal asphyxia in term neonates had 90.20% sensitivity, 92.59% specificity and accuracy rate of 90.56%. Conclusion: It was concluded that the diagnostic accuracy of LDH is higher in detecting birth asphyxia keeping clinical signs of HIE as gold standard, and this test can be performed for evaluation of perinatal hypoxia. Keywords: Perinatal asphyxia, LDH and diagnostic accuracy.
Obesity is an excessive accumulation of fat in the body and is measured in terms of increased body mass index. Its prevalence is increasing in all age groups and is now considered to be a global epidemic. Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein synthesized in the liver and is customarily utilised to detect malnourishment and severe starvation. It is one of the poor prognostic factors in medical, surgical, and critically ill patients. Objective: To identify the relationship between obesity and morbid obesity and hypoalbuminemia in adults in Pakistan with no signs of liver or kidney disease. Methods: Jinnah Allama Iqbal Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology (JAIDE), Jinnah Hospital Lahore Pakistan, was chosen for the completion of this cross-sectional study with a time frame of October 2019 to April 2020. 90 patients, ranging between ages of 18 and 70 years, without liver and kidney diseases, were recruited and were divided into three categories, healthy control, obese, and morbidly obese on the basis of BMI. Venous blood samples for albumin were taken. Results: The percentage of hypoalbuminemia was 10.0% in healthy controls, 40.0% in the obese group, and 46.7% in morbidly obese. Hypoalbuminemia rate was significantly higher in obese and morbidly obese groups (p-value 0.005) as compared to healthy controls, independent of age, sex, and diabetes. Conclusions: Upon completion of this study, it was concluded that the morbid obesity and obesity are the independent forecasters of hypoalbuminemia.
Background: Neonatal infection causes almost 10% mortality among newborns. Aim: To find the efficacy of zinc supplementation in neonates with sepsis, along-with standard treatment protocol. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methodology: This study enrolled (n= 217) neonates. One group of neonates with sepsis received zinc (3 mg/kg/twice a day) for 15 days along with antibiotics (ampicillin plus amikacin) according to the standard protocol orally. Efficacy was determined after 15 days of zinc supplementation. Chi-square test was applied with P-value <0.05 taken as significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 13.39±6.04 days. 116(53.46%) were male and 101(46.54%) were females. Zinc supplementation with sepsis was efficacious in 116(8.76%) neonates. Conclusion: It was concluded that zinc supplementation is effective in neonates with sepsis, along-with standard treatment protocol, however, more local trials need to be done. Keywords: Neonatal Sepsis, Zinc Supplementation and Efficacy.
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