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-We present an eyes-free text entry technique for touchscreen mobile phones. Our method uses Graffiti strokes entered using a finger on a touchscreen. Although visual feedback is present, eyes-free entry is possible using auditory and tactile stimuli. In eyes-free mode, entry is guided by speech and non-speech sounds, and by vibrations. A study with 12 participants was conducted using an Apple iPhone. Entry speed, accuracy, and stroke formations were compared between eyesfree and eyes-on modes. Entry speeds reached 7.00 wpm in the eyes-on mode and 7.60 wpm in the eyes-free mode. Text was entered with an overall accuracy of 99.6%. KSPC was 9% higher in eyes-free mode, at 1.36, compared to 1.24 in eyes-on mode.

We present an eyes-free text entry method for mobile touchscreen devices. Input progresses by inking Graffiti strokes using a finger on a touchscreen. The system includes a word-level error correction algorithm. Auditory and tactile feedback guide eyes-free entry using speech and non-speech sounds, and by vibrations. In a study with 12 participants, three different feedback modes were tested. Entry speed, accuracy, and algorithm performance were compared between the three feedback modes. An overall entry speed of 10.0 wpm was found with a maximum rate of 21.5 wpm using a feedback mode that required a recognized stroke at the beginning of each word. Text was entered with an overall accuracy of 95.7%. The error correction algorithm performed well: 14.9% of entered text was corrected on average, representing a 70.3% decrease in errors compared to no algorithm. Where multiple candidates appeared, the intended word was 1 st or 2 nd in the list 94.2% of the time.

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Four text entry techniques for visually impaired users are presented. LetterScroll uses a mouse wheel to maneuver a cursor across a sequence of characters, and a button for character selection. Keystrokes per character (KSPC) vary from 6.97 to 2.68. After extensive analyses and pilot testing, two variations were chosen for initial evaluation. Method 1 (M1) uses the mouse alone to enter text. Method 4 (M4) also uses the keyboard to access vowels. In a study with seven blindfolded participants, entry rates averaged 2.9 wpm for M1 and 4.4 wpm for M4. Error rates for both methods were about 3.4%.