This article examines the different kinds of illegal logging that takes place in Vietnam, challenging the typical approaches to understanding and classifying the various criminal activities involved. We argue that either overlooking the classification of illegal logging or relying solely on illegal timber volumes and legal descriptions to categorise the crime is not sufficient to comprehend its diverse nature. This leads to inappropriate measures to tackle the crime. Instead, this study suggests that illegal logging should be categorised into three types, which are fundamentally distinctive, not only with regard to the volumes of illicit timber and the legislative definitions of the crime, but also (and more importantly) with reference to the attributes of harvesters, the degree of their involvement and their motivations, and the level of organisation involved in criminal commissions.

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The paper has focused on studying the ability of using natural pozzolan to combine lime and cement in process of stabilized soil, implementing experimental contents for on-site soil including: grain composition, plastic limit, plasticity index, mineral parts and other common mechanical properties, standard compaction. Followed by experiments for soil, cement and pozzolan stabilized soil mixtures, including standard compaction, compressive strength. A suitable model of physical experiments to simulate and prove lime, cement and pozzolan stabilized soil meets the criteria for making waterproofing materials for earth dams in the Central Highlands