This study determines the optimal extraction conditions for the subcritical-water extraction (SWE) of anthocyanin from blueberries and chokeberries and compares the performance using conventional extraction methods. SWE is carried out under different conditions of extraction temperature (110 °C, 130 °C, 150 °C, 170 °C, 190 °C, and 200 °C), extraction time (1, 3, 5, and 10 min), and solvent pH (water and 1% citric acid). The solubility and stability of anthocyanin from blueberries and chokeberries influences the optimal condition for SWE. The presence of more methoxy and hydroxyl functional groups in the basic skeleton of anthocyanin will result in a lower solubility at a high temperature. Water at a higher temperature exhibits a better dissociation reaction, and a solvent has a lower pH at a higher temperature. One percent citric acid is used to reduce the pH of the solvent, which increases the extraction efficiency of anthocyanin in a subcritical water state.

The cyclodextrins (CDs) are widely used in food, pharmaceutical, textile, and cosmetic industries. The CD macrocycles can be applied in various fields by coordinating with metals to synthesize coordination polymers. In this study, cyclodextrin-metal-organic frameworks (CD-MOFs) were successfully synthesized using two different methods for the reaction between cyclodextrin and potassium. The structural identities of the CD-MOF-a and CD-MOF-b synthesized by two methods were confirmed through 1 H NMR, powder X-ray diffraction, and FTIR measurements. In addition, substances, such as ferulic acid, salicylic acid, and so on, that were difficult to use as cosmetic ingredients due to their water insolubility, were easily encapsulated within CD-MOFs, and the resulting amounts of loading were determined using 1 H NMR, FT-IR, and HPLC analyses.

Mechanochemical reactions of 3,6-dimethoxy-s-tetrazine (dmotz) with AgCF3SO3 and AgClO4 afforded the 1D linear polymer [Ag(dmotz)(CF3SO3)]n (1) and the 2D grid polymer {[Ag(dmotz)2](ClO4)}n (2), respectively. Mechanochemical processes convert 1 to 2 in the presence of an equivalent of [ClO4](-) and dmotz; even on using excess [CF3SO3](-), conversion from 2 to 1 was not observed.