The gastrointestinal tract of mammals is a complex ecosystem with distinct environments and comprises hundreds of different types of bacterial cells. The gut microbiota may play a critical role in the gut health of the host. We herein attempted to identify a microbiota shift that may be affected by porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED). We observed significant differences in microbiota between the control and PED virus (PEDV)-infected groups at both the phylum and genus level. Most commensal bacteria (i.e. Psychrobacter, Prevotella, and Faecalibacterium) in the healthy gastrointestinal tract were decreased due to dysbiosis induced by PEDV infection.

Marine sediments are a microbial biosphere with an unknown physiology, and the sediments harbor numerous distinct phylogenetic lineages of Bacteria and Archaea that are at present uncultured. In this study, the structure of the archaeal and bacterial communities was investigated in the surface and subsurface sediments of Jeju Island using a next-generation sequencing method. The microbial communities in the surface sediments were distinct from those in the subsurface sediments; the relative abundance of sequences for Thaumarchaeota, Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, Alphaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria were higher in the surface than subsurface sediments, whereas the sequences for Euryarchaeota, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Deltaproteobacteria were relatively more abundant in the subsurface than surface sediments. This study presents detailed characterization of the spatial distribution of benthic microbial communities of Jeju Island and provides fundamental information on the potential interactions mediated by microorganisms with the different biogeochemical cycles in coastal sediments.

A novel strain (designated sjH1 T ), characterized as aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, oxidase- T represents a distinct species that is separate from R. thiooxydans, R. denitrificans, R. soli and R. caeni. The major ubiquinone was Q-8, and major fatty acids were summed feature 9 (iso-C 17 : 1 v9c and/or C 16 : 0 10-methyl), iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 17 : 0 , iso-C 16 : 0 and anteiso-C 15 : 0 . Based on data from this polyphasic study, it is proposed that sjH1 T (5KCTC 42660 T 5JCM 30774 T

A Gram-stain-negative, motile bacterium, designated strain YE3 T , was isolated from activated sludge obtained from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Daejeon Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea. The cells were oxidase-and catalasepositive, and grew under aerobic conditions at 10-40 C (optimum, 30 C), with 1.0-8.0 % (w/v) NaCl (1.0 %) and at pH 5.5-9.0 (pH 7.0). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain YE3 T was most closely related to Pusillimonas harenae KACC 14927 T (98.2 % sequence similarity) and Pusillimonas ginsengisoli KCTC 22046 T (98.0 %). DNA-DNA relatedness values for strain YE3 T and P. harenae KACC 14927 T , P. ginsengisoli KCTC 22046 T and P. soli KCTC 22455 T were 28.7±2.27 %, 21.3±1.16 %, and 14.0±0.67 %, respectively. The genomic G+C content of the type strain YE3 T was 59.3 mol%, as determined by whole-genome sequencing. The dominant fatty acids were C 16 : 0 (39.2 %) and C 17 : 0 cyclo (37.5 %). The major polar lipids of strain YE3 T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. Two aminophospholipids and four unidentified lipids were also detected. Furthermore, strain YE3 T was able to oxidize thiosulfate under heterotrophic conditions. Based on the phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain YE3 T represents a novel species of the genus Pusillimonas, for which the name Pusillimonas thiosulfatoxidans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YE3 T (=KCTC 62737 T =NBRC 113113 T).

Two Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile, halophilic, rod-shaped bacteria, designated Hb8 T and Hb20, were isolated from a tidal flat environment located on the South-West Korean peninsula. The isolates grew at 10-37 C, at pH 5.0-9.0 and in NaCl concentrations of 0.5-15 % (w/v; optimum, 3.0-6.0 %). Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA indicated that the isolates belong to the genus Marinobacter and are most closely related to Marinobacter sediminum R65 T (98.3 %), followed by Marinobacter lipolyticus SM19 T , Marinobacter salsuginis SD-14B T and Marinobacter similis A3d10 T . The overall 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with these species was 97.9 %, but Hb8 T and Hb20 showed 100 % sequence similarity with each other. DNA-DNA relatedness values of H8 T and Hb20 suggested that these isolates represent a single species, while DNA-DNA relatedness values of the two novel isolates with M. sediminum DSM 27079 T and M. similis DSM 15400 T were only 21.3 and 22.9 %, respectively. The major fatty acids present in strain Hb8 T were identified as C 16 : 0 , C 16 : 1 !9c, C 18 : 1 !9c, C 18 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 !6c and/or C 16 : 1 !7c). Ubiquinone-9 was the main respiratory quinone in both the novel strains. The polar lipids found to be present included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, four unidentified phospholipids and five unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of Hb8 T and Hb20 was 54.5 mol%. Polyphasic analysis indicated that the two isolates are representatives of a novel species of the genus Marinobacte, for which the name Marinobacter salinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Hb8 T (=KCTC 52255 T =JCM 31416 T ).The genus Marinobacter belongs to the family Alteromonadaceae, of the order Alteromonadales, class Gammaproteobacteria, and was first described by Gauthier et al.[1] to accomodate a hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium. At the time of writng, the genus Marinobacter comprises 40 species with validly published names (www.bacterio.net) isolated from a diverse range of environments including seawater [2,3], marine sand [4], marine sediment [5], the brine-seawater interface [6], coastal hot springs, saline soil [7], wastewater from wine production [8] and even laboratory cultures from dinoflagellates [9]. Members of the genus Marinobacter are Gram-stain-negative, oxidase-and catalase-positive, halophilic and rod-shaped [1]. Several species of the genus Marinobacter (i.e. Marinobacter aquaeolei, Marinobacter maritimus and Marinobacter algicola) have been associated with aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon degradation [1,2,[9][10][11]. This may indicate a functional role in the organic carbon cycle, as they constitute one of the dominant bacterial community groups in contaminated environments [12]. The objectives of this study were to classify two newly isolated marine bacteria obtained when studying the diversity of halophilic bacteria associated with the marine environment.Strains Hb8 T and Hb20 were isolated from tidal flat sediment sample...