This study was conducted to determine the timing of flower harvest for pollen collection and preparation in kiwifruit. Here the pollen development of two staminate cultivars, 'Bohwa' and 'Chieftain', which are the major pollinizers used in the region of Jeju in Korea, was investigated. These two staminate cultivars showed a similar tendency in histological pollen development, except for the time of anther dehiscence. The highest pollen quantity was obtained at the 4th developmental stage; thereafter, the quantity of pollen decreased by 23% and 38% at the 5th developmental stage in 'Bohwa' and 'Chieftain', respectively. The pollen viability of 'Bohwa' was slightly higher than that of 'Chieftain' in both 1% iodine potassium iodide and fluorescein diacetate staining with a small increase according to progression in flower development from the 1st to the 5th stage. Pollen germination also increased as flower development advanced, and higher pollen germination of more than 60% occurred in the 4th developmental stage of both staminate cultivars. The results indicate that the appropriate timing for pollen collection might be the 4th developmental stage (full balloon stage) in 'Bohwa' and 'Chieftain' according to the amount of pollen production, viability, and germination.
The study was conducted to examine the relationship between fruit development and sucrose metabolizing enzyme activities in the fruit of some kiwifruit cultivars grown in Jeju, Korea. The fruit characteristics and sucrose metabolizing enzyme activities were evaluated during fruit development in yellow-fleshed cv. 'Halla Gold', 'Sweet Gold' and 'Goldone' and green-fleshed cv. 'Garmrok'. Fruits were enlarged rapidly at the early stage of fruit development and dry matter showed a gradual increase by harvesting time. Starch content continued to increase by about 140 DAA, was maintained by 170 DAA, and thereafter decreased drastically. The level of soluble sugar was low by 120 DAA and then increased rapidly by harvesting time. The sucrose degradation activities of sucrose synthase (SS) and acid invertase decreased gradually by 120-140 DAA with a small difference depending on cultivars, but those of neutral invertase remained constantly low during fruit development. The sucrose synthesizing activities of sucrose phosphate synthase and SS maintained low levels of 140 and 100 DAA, respectively and then increased gradually. The results indicate that 100-120 DAA is a turning point in a changing pattern of fruit weight and soluble sugar content that combined with a change in sucrose metabolizing enzyme activities.
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