Os treinamentos aeróbio intervalado e resistido são utilizados na prevenção e tratamento da Síndrome Metabólica (SMet), porém há lacunas quanto às diferentes metodologias aplicadas. O objetivo foi analisar e comparar o comportamento da pressão arterial após treinamentos periodizado aeróbio e resistido em adultos com Síndrome Metabólica. Vinte e nove voluntários, sedentários de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 35 e 60 anos com SMet, foram aleatorizados em 3 grupos: treinamento aeróbio intervalado (TAI; n=9), treinamento resistido (TRC; n=11) e o grupo controle (n=9). O programa foi constituído por 3 sessões semanais durante 12 semanas. Antes e após o treinamento foi mensurada a pressão arterial em repouso. Houve diminuição da pressão arterial sistólica de 7mmHg no grupo TAI, sem significância estatística. Não foram observadas alterações na pressão arterial diastólica. Após ambos treinamentos periodizados não foram observados mudanças na pressão arterial em participantes com SMet. Palavras-chave: Síndrome metabólica, pressão arterial, treinamento de resistência, exercício.
Background Elevated patellofemoral joint stress has been associated with patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA). Changes in lower limb kinematics, such as excessive femoral adduction and internal rotation and excessive rearfoot eversion during the stance phase of functional activities, may increase patellofemoral stress. There is a lack of studies that assess the effects of interventions for controlling femur and subtalar joint movements during functional activities on self-reported measures in individuals with PFOA. Thus, the primary aim of the study is to determine the immediate effects of the hip strap and foot orthoses during level-ground walking and the single-leg squat test on self-reported outcomes. The secondary aim is to investigate whether the hip strap and foot orthoses result in the kinematic changes that these devices are purported to cause. Methods Twenty-nine individuals with PFOA aged 50 years or older will take part in the study. The main outcome is pain intensity. The secondary outcomes are other self-reported measures (global rating of change, acceptable state of symptoms, ease of performance, and confidence) and lower limb kinematics (peak femoral adduction and internal rotation, and peak rearfoot eversion). These outcomes will be assessed during functional tasks performed under three conditions: (i) control condition, (ii) hip strap intervention, and (iii) foot orthoses intervention. To investigate whether these interventions result in the lower limb kinematic changes that they are purported to cause, three-dimensional kinematics of the femur and rearfoot will be captured during each task. Linear mixed models with two fixed factors will be used to test associations between the interventions (control, hip strap, and foot orthoses) and conditions (level-ground walking and single-leg squat test) as well as interactions between the interventions and conditions. Discussion To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the immediate effects of the hip strap and foot orthoses on self-reported measures and lower limb kinematics during functional tasks in individuals with PFOA. The findings of this study will enable future trials to investigate the effects of these interventions in rehabilitation programmes. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04332900. Registered on 3 April 2020.
RESUMOEstudos demonstram efeitos benéficos do treinamento físico sobre a modulação autonômica cardíaca. O treinamento combinado, caracterizado por diferentes estímulos em uma mesma sessão, tem sido bem utilizado devido seus benefícios sobre a performance. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a modulação autonômica cardíaca por meio da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) de jovens após um treinamento combinado. Trinta e oito jovens saudáveis realizaram 6 semanas de treinamento combinado de sprints e agachamento. A VFC foi avaliada em repouso no início e ao final do treinamento completo. Os índices RMSSD (root mean square of sucessive differences / raiz quadrada média das diferenças sucessivas de intervalos RR) e SDNN (standard deviation of RR intervals / desvio padrão dos intervalos RR) apresentaram aumento estatisticamente significante após o treinamento (p=0,016; ES=0,410; p≤0,001; ES=0,647, respectivamente). Portanto, conclui-se que o treinamento combinado de 6 semanas foi eficaz para melhora da modulação autonômica cardíaca, avaliada por meio da VFC. Palavras-chave: exercício, sistema nervoso autônomo, recuperação da função fisiológica. COMBINED TRAINING OF SPRINTS AND SQUATS IMPROVES CARDIAC AUTONOMIC MODULATION OF HEALTHY YOUNG MEN ABSTRACTStudies demonstrate beneficial effects of physical training on cardiac autonomic modulation. Combined training, characterized by different stimulus in the same session, has been widely used because of its performance benefits. The aim of the study was to evaluate the cardiac autonomic modulation through heart rate variability (HRV) of young men after a combined training. Thirty eight healthy young men performed 6 weeks of combined training of sprints and squats. HRV was measured during rest at the beginning and the end of the full training. The indexes RMSSD (root-mean square of successive differences) and SDNN (standard deviation of normal RR intervals) showed significant increase after the training (p=0.016; ES=0.410; p≤0.001; ES=0.647, respectively). Therefore, it is concluded that the combined training during 6 weeks was effective to improve cardiac autonomic modulation, evaluated through HRV.
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